The Various Types of Mood Disorders

The Various Types of Mood Disorders Depression Types Print The Various Types of Mood Disorders By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Jeff J Mitchell / Staff / Getty Images More in Depression Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Types Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment View All Back To Top A mood disorder,  also referred to as an affective disorder, is a condition that severely impacts your mood and its related functions. Mood disorder is a broad term thats used to include all the different types of depression and bipolar disorder, both of which affect your mood. If you have symptoms of a mood disorder, your moods may range from extremely low (depressed) to extremely high or irritable (manic). Types of Mood Disorders With the most recent update of the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) in 2013, mood disorders are now separated into bipolar disorder and depressive disorders. In general, the main types of mood disorders include: Major depressive disorder: This is what we often hear referred to as major depression or clinical depression. It involves long periods of extreme sadness, hopelessness, and/or fatigue that last for two weeks or more.Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): This type of depression typically strikes during the short days of the year when the sun isnt out as long.Bipolar I disorder: Also referred to in the past as manic depression,  if you have mania, you experience euphoric and/or irritable moods  and increased energy or activity. During manic episodes, you also regularly engage yourself in activities that can very result in painful consequences for you and/or someone else.Bipolar II disorder: For diagnosis, you must have had  at least one episode of current or past hypomania, which is a less severe form of mania, and at least one episode of current or past  major depression, but no history of any manic episodes. The criteria for episodes of mania,  hypomania, and major depression remain the same.Cyclothymic disorders: Diagnosis requires  a  two-year history minimum of many episodes of not-quite hypomania and not-quite major depression. Its a less extreme form of bipolar disorder.Other: This additional category includes depression or bipolar disorder thats caused by medications, drugs, substances, or a medical condition or illness. For instance, chronic illness or cancer can lead to depression, as can an alcohol use disorder or exposure to certain drugs or toxins. New Mood Disorders There are three new depressive disorders included in the  DSM-V, including: Disruptive mood dysregulation  disorder: This depressive disorder  was added to the  DSM-V  for children  up to 18 years of age who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol, which is a pattern of abnormal, episodic, and frequently violent and uncontrollable social behavior without any significant provocation.Persistent depressive disorder: This  diagnosis is meant to include both chronic major depressive disorder that has lasted for two or more years and what was previously known as dysthymic disorder or dysthymia, a low-grade form of depression.Premenstrual  dysphoric disorder:  This diagnosis is  based on the presence of specific symptoms in the week before the onset of menstruation, followed by the resolution  of these symptoms after onset. The symptoms must  include one or more of the following: mood swings, irritability  or anger, depressed mood or hopelessness,  and anxiety or tension, as well as one or more of an  additional seven symptoms, with a total of at least  five symptoms. Symptoms Mood disorders can lead to difficulty in keeping up with the daily tasks and demands of life. Some people, especially children, may have physical symptoms of depression, like unexplained headaches or stomachaches. Because there are various types of mood disorders, they can have very different effects on your lifestyle. In general, symptoms may include: Loss of interest in activities you once enjoyedEating more or less than usualDifficulty sleeping or sleeping more than usualFatigueCryingAnxietyFeeling flat, like you just dont have the energy to careFeeling isolated, sad, hopeless, and worthlessDifficulty concentratingProblems making decisionsFeelings of guiltIrritabilityThoughts of dying and/or suicide With mood disorders, these symptoms are ongoing and eventually start to affect your daily life in a negative way. Theyre not the sporadic thoughts and feelings that everyone has on occasion. Causes No one knows the exact causes of mood disorders, but a variety of factors seem to contribute to them and they tend to run in families. Chemical imbalances in your brain are the most likely cause. Stressful life events like death, divorce, or trauma can also trigger depression, especially if youve already had it before or theres a genetic component. Diagnosis Mood disorders should be properly evaluated and treated by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist. If you have experienced any of the symptoms above for more than two weeks and theyre interfering with your life, especially if youre having suicidal thoughts, you should seek help immediately. Your doctor will be able to diagnose you by performing a physical exam to rule out any physical reasons for your symptoms, as well as a psychiatric evaluation. Treatment Millions of people experience mood disorders and are successfully treated, helping them live a better quality of life. Treatments for mood disorders can include psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, as well as medications to help regulate the chemical imbalances in your brain. A combination of psychotherapy and medication is often the best course of action to get you on the road to feeling better. Find Help With these Online Therapy Programs

Symbolic Interactionism Theory and the Ground of Routine...

Sociology of Everyday Life Sociology is considered as the study of human social life in the context of individuals, groups, and societies. In fostering the various aspects of sociology, sociologists came up with various theories that expound of human relationships in their day-to-day activities. This essay aims at identifying the relationship existing between the symbolic interactionism theory and the ground of routine activities, ethnomethodology as portrayed by Harold Garfinkel and Herbert Blumer. Harold confers on ethnomethodology as a way through which people make sense and find ways in which to act in their daily routine activities. He considers the various settings, which dictate stable features of daily activities. First, he†¦show more content†¦70). These aspects of human interactions are crucial to accomplishing the goals of ethnomethodology, which is to maintain social order in society. Therefore, by understanding symbolic interactionism in society, one can disrupt the social order of society in a bid to conceptualize have an understanding of the society in ethnomethodology. The relationship between these two concepts is evidenced in the purpose of their study. Symbolic interactionism seeks to understand the constituents that define human interactions through social order. Ethnomethodology studies the unremarkable techniques that people use to attach meaning to their interactions by discarding the context. In the deeper understanding of ethnomethodology and social order, the aspect of context is discarded since one only gets meanings of everyday activities by violating the norms that maintain social order(Garfinkel, 1968, p. 278). These conceptions enact a fundamental role in understanding the extent to which human interactions and activities remain meaningful to individuals in society. They provide a basis through which sociological theories and perspectives can be used to study human interactions. While interactions occur in every social organization, there is the need to look into those activities that are considered common to a certain social group. There arises the need to look into these activities as part of human interaction through symbolic

The Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children

Incarceration, a topic of controversy, has received much attention in both academic and political arenas. Policy changes in recent years have influenced incarceration rates and, in turn, affected families and children in the U.S. (Hagan Coleman, 2001; Visher Travis, 2003; â€Å"Pew Charitable Trusts†, 2010; Arditti, Lamburt-Shute, Joest, 2003). Policies, such as â€Å"tough on crime† and â€Å"war on drugs†, have contributed to not only a steady rise in incarceration rates and over crowding of correctional facilities, but also endorsed the disproportionate number of detainees from underrepresented ethnic populations (Hagan Coleman, 2001; â€Å"Pew Charitable Trusts†, 2010). Hence, the vast majority of children who are affected by having an incarcerated parent are of underrepresented ethnic groups (â€Å"Bureau of Justice†, 2010). In efforts to understand the implications of parental incarceration on children, researchers have posited a series of theoretical frameworks, such as ecological system (Poehlmann, Dallaire, Loper, Shear, 2010), attachment, and bonding and strain theories (Murray Farrington, 2008). A robust amount of research has been done addressing how children are affected by the separation of an incarcerated parent, yielding results that indicate detrimental psychological, social, and emotional effects and susceptibility to maladaptive behavior (Murray Farrington, 2008; â€Å"Pew Charitable Trusts†, 2010; Murray, Farrington, Sekol, 2012). In response to the significantShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children Essay2818 Words   |  12 Pagesgrowing numbers of the prison population are accompanied by an equally large number of children with incarcerated parents. The relevance of this topic is particularly pronounced remembering that the needs of children are not considered in the issue of judicial hearings. According to Nesmith and Ruhland (2008) , the primary consequences related to the relationship between parent incarceration and adverse outcomes in children are born from the loss of contact. The research explored in this writing illustratesRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children3942 Words   |  16 Pages The Effects of Parental Incarceration on their Children Darlene Oliver May 4, 2016 The University of the District of Columbia Introduction The number of children with incarcerated parents continues to increase, thus the long-term ramifications of parental incarceration has become a topic of interest to many concerned people. In addition to understanding the effects of parental incarceration on children, school officials and penal institutions must be involvedRead MoreThe Effects Of Children After Parental Incarceration1302 Words   |  6 PagesA Literature Review: The Effects on Children After Parental Incarceration Prisons have been around for centuries and in many countries the prison population has grown quickly. The prisoners’ health, behavior and well-being have been focal points in many social concerns, however; incarceration goes beyond the prisoners’ experience. It touches employment after incarceration, social stigma, and families and communities that have been affected by incarceration, especially a child with incarcerated parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children s Development And Attachment Style2051 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact Parental Incarceration on Children’s Development and Attachment Style â€Å"The greatest threat to a child’s well-being in the United States is parental incarceration† –The Sentencing Project. A 500% increase has made â€Å"The land of the Free† the top country in the world for housing inmates in its â€Å"correctional† facilities, with more than 2.2 million currently incarcerated (BJS, 2011). Excusing one’s views on the appropriateness of the justice system and incarceration, it is evident thatRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1365 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a study by The Pew, more than 2.7 million children have an incarcerated parent. The following consequences are often underestimated and undetectable. Incarcerated parents are extremely detrimental to the well-being of the children involved. Minors involved with the arrest of their parents often suffer more complications than someone without an incarcerated parent. Foremost, these minors are more likely to have attention prob lems like Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention DeficitRead MoreLauren Touchet. Cjus301. 17 February 2017. Research Paper/Lit1325 Words   |  6 Pagesseen a dramatic upswing in incarceration rates (Glaze Maruschak, 2008, p. 1). â€Å"The United States’ increasingly punitive sentencing philosophy has resulted in an overreliance on incarceration, resulting in an incarcerated population that has soared from approximately 340,000 in the early 1970s to nearly 2.3 million today† (Raeder, 2012). â€Å"Parents held in the nation’s prisons—52% of state inmates and 63% of federal inmates—reported having an estimated 1,706,600 minor children, accounting for 2.3% ofRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Incarceration on the Family1190 Words   |  5 Pagesincarcerated parent, it is evident that the spouse, children, and grandparents of the family system will be impacted by the incarcerated individual’s situation. This project takes a look at the family system, which consists of married parents, children, and grandparents, and how it is affected by the incarceration of a family member. Bowen’s family systems theory suggests that whenever one of the parents are experiencing a difficulty, such as incarceration, the other members in the family system willRead MoreThe Prisoners Wife: Incarcerated Parents1152 Words   |  5 Pagesreader of the ever increasing number of U.S children with incarcerated parents. According to Department of Justice data African American children are nine time more likely than white children to have incarcerated parents, A number double that of what was reported in 1991 Most children of incarcerated parents live in poverty before, during and after their parent incarceration( Johnston 1995).The social consequences of not meeting the need of these children and their non incarcerated parent will comeRead MoreWhile Children’S Delinquency Has Been Tied To A Wi de Variety1029 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges most children face is due to not having their parents at home with them. One of the many reasons for parents being separated from their children is because the parent is incarcerated. The majority of inmates incarcerated in the U.S are parents, with there being more incarcerated fathers than mothers. Rising rates of parents being incarcerated have led to an increasing number of children affected by paternal imprisonment. The number of parents in state and federal prisons with children under theRead MoreChild And Youth Survey : The And Nichols Was A Longitudinal Study Design Using Data From High School Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesschool. The independent variables used were parental incarceration, sibling incarceration, and other household member’s incarceration (Loper and Nichols, 2012). The study by Lopers and Nichols was a longitudinal, study design using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Youth survey (NLSY 2010), which included women and their children. According to Lopers and Nichols, â€Å"Out of the sample, 585 met criteria for the household incarceration status, to be compared to 2,753 individuals The Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children The Effects of Parental Incarceration on their Children Darlene Oliver May 4, 2016 The University of the District of Columbia Introduction The number of children with incarcerated parents continues to increase, thus the long-term ramifications of parental incarceration has become a topic of interest to many concerned people. In addition to understanding the effects of parental incarceration on children, school officials and penal institutions must be involved in support services available to incarcerated parents and their families. Evidence of the Problem Researchers have begun to measure not only how incarceration influences parents, but the effects the consequences of parental incarceration on children. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1.5 million minors deal with parental incarceration every year (Harrison Beck, 2010). In addition, as jail and prison residents continue to increase, the number of children affected by parental incarceration will also continue to increase. Therefore, researchers have taken a certain interest in studying the short and long term consequences of parental incarceration on children. Investigators show that children of incarcerated parents are up to ten times more likely to be incarcerated during their generation than children of non-incarcerated parents (Johnson, 2010). Who is incarcerated and how many of those incarcerated are mothers? According to recent estimates (Mumola, 2000),Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children Essay2818 Words   |  12 Pagesgrowing numbers of the prison population are accompanied by an equally large number of children with incarcerated parents. The relevance of this topic is particularly pronounced remembering that the needs of children are not considered in the issue of judicial hearings. According to Nesmith and Ruhland (2008) , the primary consequences related to the relationship between parent incarceration and adverse outcomes in children are born from the loss of contact. The research explored in this writing illustratesRead MoreThe Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children2503 Words   |  10 PagesIncarceration, a topic of controversy, has received much attention in both academic and political arenas. Policy changes in recent years have influenced incarceration rates and, in turn, affected families and children in the U.S. (Hagan Coleman, 2001; Visher Travis, 2003; â€Å"Pew Charitable Trusts†, 2010; Arditti, Lamburt-Shute, Joest, 2003). Policies, such as â€Å"tough on crime† and â€Å"war on drugs†, have contributed to not only a steady rise in incarceration rates and over crowding of correctionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Children After Parental Incarceration1302 Words   |  6 PagesA Literature Review: The Effects on Children After Parental Incarceration Prisons have been around for centuries and in many countries the prison population has grown quickly. The prisoners’ health, behavior and well-being have been focal points in many social concerns, however; incarceration goes beyond the prisoners’ experience. It touches employment after incarceration, social stigma, and families and communities that have been affected by incarceration, especially a child with incarcerated parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Incarceration On Children s Development And Attachment Style2051 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact Parental Incarceration on Children’s Development and Attachment Style â€Å"The greatest threat to a child’s well-being in the United States is parental incarceration† –The Sentencing Project. A 500% increase has made â€Å"The land of the Free† the top country in the world for housing inmates in its â€Å"correctional† facilities, with more than 2.2 million currently incarcerated (BJS, 2011). Excusing one’s views on the appropriateness of the justice system and incarceration, it is evident thatRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1365 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a study by The Pew, more than 2.7 million children have an incarcerated parent. The following consequences are often underestimated and undetectable. Incarcerated parents are extremely detrimental to the well-being of the children involved. Minors involved with the arrest of their parents often suffer more complications than someone without an incarcerated parent. Foremost, these minors are more likely to have attention prob lems like Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention DeficitRead MoreLauren Touchet. Cjus301. 17 February 2017. Research Paper/Lit1325 Words   |  6 Pagesseen a dramatic upswing in incarceration rates (Glaze Maruschak, 2008, p. 1). â€Å"The United States’ increasingly punitive sentencing philosophy has resulted in an overreliance on incarceration, resulting in an incarcerated population that has soared from approximately 340,000 in the early 1970s to nearly 2.3 million today† (Raeder, 2012). â€Å"Parents held in the nation’s prisons—52% of state inmates and 63% of federal inmates—reported having an estimated 1,706,600 minor children, accounting for 2.3% ofRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Incarceration on the Family1190 Words   |  5 Pagesincarcerated parent, it is evident that the spouse, children, and grandparents of the family system will be impacted by the incarcerated individual’s situation. This project takes a look at the family system, which consists of married parents, children, and grandparents, and how it is affected by the incarceration of a family member. Bowen’s family systems theory suggests that whenever one of the parents are experiencing a difficulty, such as incarceration, the other members in the family system willRead MoreThe Prisoners Wife: Incarcerated Parents1152 Words   |  5 Pagesreader of the ever increasing number of U.S children with incarcerated parents. According to Department of Justice data African American children are nine time more likely than white children to have incarcerated parents, A number double that of what was reported in 1991 Most children of incarcerated parents live in poverty before, during and after their parent incarceration( Johnston 1995).The social consequences of not meeting the need of these children and their non incarcerated parent will comeRead MoreWhile Children’S Delinquency Has Been Tied To A Wi de Variety1029 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges most children face is due to not having their parents at home with them. One of the many reasons for parents being separated from their children is because the parent is incarcerated. The majority of inmates incarcerated in the U.S are parents, with there being more incarcerated fathers than mothers. Rising rates of parents being incarcerated have led to an increasing number of children affected by paternal imprisonment. The number of parents in state and federal prisons with children under theRead MoreChild And Youth Survey : The And Nichols Was A Longitudinal Study Design Using Data From High School Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesschool. The independent variables used were parental incarceration, sibling incarceration, and other household member’s incarceration (Loper and Nichols, 2012). The study by Lopers and Nichols was a longitudinal, study design using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Youth survey (NLSY 2010), which included women and their children. According to Lopers and Nichols, â€Å"Out of the sample, 585 met criteria for the household incarceration status, to be compared to 2,753 individuals

ABCDEFG Algorithm Look A Airway Free Essays

Text Version- ABCDEFG Algorithm Look A Airway B Breathing C Circulation For any signs of airway obstruction For evidence of mouth/neck/swelling/haematoma For security of artificial airway Look At the chest wall movement, to see if it is normal and symmetrical To see if the patient is using their neck and shoulder muscles to breathe (accessory muscles) At the patient to measure to measure their respiratory rate Look At the skin colour for pallor and peripheral cyanosis At the capillary refill time At the patient’s central venous pressure and jugular venous pressure Look At the level of consciousness For facial symmetry, abnormal movements, seizure activity or absent limb movements At pupil size, equality and reaction to light Listen For noisy breathing e. g. gurgling, snoring or stridor Feel For the presence of air movement For security of artificial airway Feel For the position of the trachea to see if it is central For surgical emphysema or crepitus If the patient is diaphoretic (Sweaty) Listen To the patient talking to see if they can complete f ull sentences For noisy breathing e. We will write a custom essay sample on ABCDEFG Algorithm Look A Airway or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. stridor, wheezing Listen To the patient for complaints of dizziness and headaches For patient’s blood pressure and heart sounds Feel Your patient’s hands and feet to see if they are warm or cold Your patient’s peripheral pulses for presence, rate, quality, regularity and equality. Feel For patient’s response to external stimuli For muscle power and strength D Disability Listen To patient’s response to external stimuli and pain For slurred speech For patient’s orientation to person, place and time. E F Exposure Fluids G Glucose Give oxygen Position your patient Call for help if you can’t manage Never leave a deteriorating patient without a priority management and review plan Look Listen Feel For any bleeding e. g. nvestigate wounds and drains For air leaks in drains The patients abdomen that may be hidden by bed clothes For bowel sounds Look Listen Feel At the observation and fluid charts, noting the fluid For patient’s complaints of thirst The sk in turgor input and output At losses from all drains and tubes At the amount and colour of the patient’s urine and urinalysis results Look Listen Feel At blood glucose levels For patient’s complaints of thirst If the patient is diaphoretic, (sweaty, cold or clammy) For signs of low glucose, including confusion and For patient’s orientation to person, place and time decreased conscious state At medication chart for insulin and oral hypoglycaemics Based on your assessment (above) decide an appropriate oxygen flow rate or percentage. If in doubt commence on 4L/min on a Hudson mask and increase as indicated by oxygen saturation or patient condition. Position your patient to optimise their breathing-usually this is as upright position as possible and as tolerated by the patient. Place the patient in the left lateral position if they are unconscious but have adequate breathing and circulation and where there is no evidence of spinal injury Establish IV If not present, +/- fluids Document and communicate clearly all treatment provided, outcomes of treatment implemented what care is still required The plan should include expected outcomes and when the patient will be reviewed again. How to cite ABCDEFG Algorithm Look A Airway, Papers

The Influence of Ethics on Decision Making Essay Example For Students

The Influence of Ethics on Decision Making Essay The Influence of Ethics on Decision Making Essay Ethics can have a big influence on decision-making in the workplace. Ethical behavior in the workplace is behavior that is accepted as morally right, rather than wrong. (Organizational Behavior). Unethical behavior can be considered illegal, or merely against the norms of society. Employees encounter ethical decisions every day in the workplace, whether they realize it or not. The stock boy must make a decision on whether it is right to steal merchandise. The auto mechanic must make a decision on what is a fair price to charge a gullible customer. The CEO must decide how to use all the power he or she possesses. There are many different thinking about ethical behavior, and different people will judge the same situation differently depending on their ethical thought process. The utilitarian view of ethical thinking states that ethical behavior is when the greatest good is done for the greatest number of people. This usually means, in a business sense, that one department, program, or factory must be shut down to help the company function more efficiently or be more financially stable. We will write a custom essay on The Influence of Ethics on Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The individualism view is just that, decisions must be based on what is best for the individuals interests in the long run. The moral rights view suggests that the basic rights of citizens should be respected. The rights of fair treatment, privacy, and freedom of speech are thought of as such moral rights. The justice view emphasizes fair and impartial treatment for all involved, whether it is upper management, employees or customers (Organizational Behavior). In the workplace, people base one or all of their decisions on these different views. Some helpful questions to ask when deciding what to do in a situation are: Is it right? Is it legal? Is it beneficial? (Organizational Behavior). Enrolling students in online degree programs presents many ethical decisions. The prospective student often knows nothing about degree programs, how credits transfer, and financial aid. It is up to the Enrollment Counselors to set proper expectations and give correct information. The Enrollment Counselor may benefit from giving incorrect information by enrolling more students and thus receiving promotions or praise at work, but the different ethical views help to prevent that from happening. The Impact of Technology on Work-Related Stress Technology can have a great impact on work-related stress. Technology can both increase and decrease work-related stress, depending on how it is used. Many people feel stress in the work environment when change is introduced. When basic tasks or structures in the workplace change, it often goes hand-in-hand with changes in technology. (Organizational Behavior). Employees then experience stress because of the change in the way things are done, or frustration because they dont understand how to properly utilize that technology to their advantage. This can happen with almost any new technology, from a new computer tracking system to a new cash register at a supermarket. However, sometimes technology can ease work-related stress, because it can make doing a job easier than before that technology was available in the workplace. A good example of technology easing workplace stress is faxes that come straight to an employees email. That way, the employee can keep a record of the fax in his or her computer, and doesnt have to wait by a community fax machine for an important paper to come in. Job Enrichment Job enrichment is a rapidly growing trend in the workforce. With new innovations and technology, employees are now able to be more productive than ever before. Job enrichment programs increases an employees job description by giving them more responsibility and freedom in planning and evaluating duties. (Organizational Behavior). .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .postImageUrl , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:hover , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:visited , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:active { border:0!important; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:active , .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0ae84e7f8baa68c976c114238d2fbdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mercury Essay This can also be called implementing empowerment. The theory is that the more responsibility and accountability employees have, the greater the pride they will take in their job. Job enrichment is also a way of helping employees to take the initiative and attempt to solve problems on their own. Job enrichment places emphasis on the individuals responsibility, as opposed to the employees actions only affecting the team. Behavioral Theories There are many different behavioral theories that pertain to the workplace. A behavioral theory looks at a pattern of behavior and then attempts to explain the .

Anselm’s Ontological Argument Essay Example

Anselm’s Ontological Argument Essay Example Anselm’s Ontological Argument Paper Anselm’s Ontological Argument Paper The ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attempts the method of a priori proof, which utilizes intuition and reason alone. The term a priori refers to deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that proceeds from general principles or premises to derive particular information. The argument works by examining the concept of God, and arguing that it implies the actual existence of God; that is, if we can conceive of God then God exists. However, this type of argument is often criticized as committing a bare assertion fallacy. The bare assertion fallacy is fallacy in formal logic where a premise in an argument is assumed to be true merely because it says that it is true. Anselm was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the eleventh century. He is most famous in philosophy for having discovered and articulated the so-called â€Å"ontological argument†. Anselm first gave what has become known as the ontological argument in chapter 2 of his Proslogion. Anselm presented two proofs for his argument in his Proslogion. In chapter 2 of his Prosologion Anselm wrote â€Å"we believe that thou art a being which nothing greater can be conceived†. This is his definition of God. In other words, God can be described as an absolutely unsurpassable being or a being that cannot conceivably be improved on. This definition of God should be treated as a stipulation towards Anselm’s argument since everyone may not agree on or depict God in the same way. Anselm went on to write â€Å"Or is there no such nature, since the fool has said in his heart, there is no God. This statement questions whether or not there is a being with the properties Anselm’s definition assigns to God. To answer this question, Anselm tries to show how God exists in the understanding of someone’s mind but not in actuality. For example, Anselm wrote â€Å"this very fool†¦when he hears of this being†¦understands what he hears†¦although he does not understand it to exist†. Anselm’s assumption here is that if I understand claims about God, then we may say that God exists in my understanding or in my mind. Anselm goes on to justify his assumption by using the analogy of a painter. In short, when a painter first conceives of what it is he wants to accomplish, he has it in his understanding but does not yet understand it to exist. He doesn’t understand it to exist because he has yet to construct his painting. His point in general is that there is a difference between saying that something exists in my mind and saying that I believe that something exists. Anselm goes on to introduce another assumption that could be considered a new version of the argument. He tries to show that God cannot possibly exist in the understanding alone by contrasting existing in the understand with existing in reality. One of the earliest recorded objections to Anselms argument was raised by one of Anselms contemporaries, Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. One of the problems that he brings forth is that Anselm’s argument could be applied to things other than God. If the argument were valid, it could be applied to things that are clearly imaginary. Here is where the example of the lost island is introduced. Gaunilo invited his readers to think of the greatest, or most perfect, conceivable island. As a matter of fact, it is likely that no such island actually exists. However, his argument would then say that we arent thinking of the greatest conceivable island, because the greatest conceivable island would exist, as well as having all those other desirable properties. Note that this is merely a direct application of Anselms own premise that existence is a perfection. Since we can conceive of this greatest or most perfect conceivable island, then it must exist. While this argument seems absurd, Gaunilo claims that it is no more so than Anselms. Gaunilo asserts that an additional argument is needed to a being like the one Anselm described exists. Another problem Gaunilo discovers is if one can actually understand what is supposed to be understood for Anselm’s argument to work. God is unlike any creature or anything that we have conceived of so Gaunilo questions whether the idea of such a being can be conceived. In Anselm’s view Gaunilo, Gaunilo demands a further argument precisely because he has not understood the argument as Anselm has presented it. While St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Gods existence is self-evident, he rejected the idea that it can be deduced from claims about the concept of God. Aquinas argued, plausibly enough, that not everyone who hears this word God understands it to signify something than which nothing greater can be thought, seeing that some have believed God to be a body. The idea here is that, since different people have different concepts of God, this argument works, if at all, only to convince those who define the notion of God in the same way. Aquinas had a second problem with the ontological argument. On Aquinass view, even if we assume that everyone shares the same concept of God as a being than which none greater can be imagined, it does not therefore follow that he understands what the word signifies exists actually, but only that it exists mentally. Kant stated the practical necessity for a belief in God in his Critique of Pure Reason. As an idea of pure reason, we do not have the slightest ground to assume in an absolute manner†¦ the object of this idea†¦, but adds that the idea of God cannot be separated from the relation of happiness with morality as the ideal of the supreme good. The foundation of this connection is an intelligible moral world, and is necessary from the practical point of view. Later, in the Logic, he argued that the idea of God can only be proved through the moral law and only with practical intent, that is, the intent so as to act as if there be a God Immanuel Kant directs his famous objection at premise 3s claim that a being that exists as an idea in the mind and in reality is greater than a being that exists only as an idea in the mind. According to premise 3, existence is whats known as a great-making property or, as the matter is sometimes put, a perfection. Premise 3 entails that existence is a property and instantiating existence makes a thing better, other things being equal, than it would have been otherwise. Kant rejects premise 3 on the ground that, as a purely formal matter, existence does not function as a predicate. Each of the philosophers I have discussed has made very persuasive arguments. I find Gaunilo argument to be very compelling for various reasons. I feel like he disproves Anselm’s arguments by stating that his argument applies to more than what he is trying to prove exists. If Anselm’s argument was proven to be true, anything we imagined might actually exist. Even though I believe in God, Gaunilo’s argument makes plenty of sense to me.

Common Application Sample Short Answer on Riding Horses

Common Application Sample Short Answer on Riding Horses Many college applications, including those with supplemental essays on the Common Application, include a short answer section that asks a question along these lines: Please elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. The question provides an opportunity for you to tell the admissions folks a little more about something that you truly care about, or an activity that has had a meaningful impact on your life. As Lauras short answer illustrates, the focus of the essay doesnt have to be a formal school activity or a competitive sport. Laura simply writes about something she loves, and in the process provides a window into her personality and passions. Laura's Short Answer Essay In response to her college applications short answer question on an extracurricular activity, Laura wrote about her love of horseback riding: I dont ride for blue ribbons or Olympic golds, although I respect and admire those chosen few who do. I dont ride for the workout, although my trembling muscles at the end of a good lesson indicate otherwise. I dont ride because I have anything to prove, although Ive proven a lot to myself along the way. I ride for the feeling of two individual beings becoming one, so perfectly matched that its impossible to tell where rider ends and horse begins. I ride to feel the staccato beat of hooves against dirt echoed in the rhythm of my own heart. I ride because it isnt easy to navigate a creature with a mind of its own around a course of solid obstacles, but in that perfect moment when horse and rider work as one, it can be the easiest thing in the world. I ride for an affectionate nose nudging my shoulder as I turn to leave, searching for a treat or a pat or murmured words of praise. I ride for myself, but for my horse as well, my partner and my equal. Critique of Laura's Short Answer Essay Its important to note what Lauras short answer does and does not do. It does not tout a major accomplishment. Her first sentence, in fact, explicitly tells us that this is not going to be an essay about winning blue ribbons. The short answer certainly is a place where you can elaborate on your accomplishments as an athlete, but Laura has taken a different approach to the task at hand. What clearly comes across in Lauras short essay is her love of horseback riding. Laura isnt someone who rides horses in an effort to build up her extracurricular activity resume. She rides horses because she loves riding horses. Her passion for her favorite activity is unquestionable. Another positive feature of Lauras short answer is the writing itself. The tone is understated, not boastful. The repetition of sentence structure (I dont ride.. in the first paragraph and I ride... in the second), creates a rhythmic feel to the essay much like the riding of a horse itself. This type of repetition wouldnt hold up for a longer essay, but for the short answer it can create a type of prose poem. The college is asking for this short answer and the longer personal essay because the school has holistic admissions. The admissions counselors want to get to know you as a person, to see the unique individual behind the grades and standardized test scores. Lauras short answer does well on this front; she comes across as an observant, passionate, and compassionate woman. In short, she sounds like the type of student who would be a welcome addition to a campus community. As far as length goes, Lauras essay comes in at just under 1,000 characters, and this tends to be right around the ideal short answer length. That said, be sure to read the guidelines carefully- the length guidelines can vary from 100 to 250 words (or even more) for this type of essay, and youll want to follow the colleges guidelines carefully. Lauras essay, like all essays, isnt perfect. When she states that she has  proven a lot to [her]self along the way, she doesnt develop this point. What exactly has she learned from her experience with horseback riding? How exactly has horseback riding changed her as a person? In such a limited space, however, the admissions folks wont be looking for too much depth and introspection. More Short Answer Resources By following a few guidelines for writing a winning short answer, you can assure that your little essay strengthens your application. Be sure to pick an activity that is truly important to you, not one that you think will impress the admissions folks. Also make sure every word counts- theres absolutely no room for wordiness in such a short piece. Finally, be careful to avoid some of the most common short answer mistakes. Realize that even a short answer on working at Burger King can be effective if it reveals the value of the work experience. On the flip side, a short answer on starting your own business can weaken your application if the focus and tone are off. How you write your short answer is in many ways more important than what you write about. A Final Word Its easy to pay so much attention to the primary application essay that you rush off responses to the shorter supplemental essays. Dont make this mistake. Each essay gives you an opportunity to showcase a side of your personality and passions that isnt readily visible elsewhere in your application. Indeed, if horseback riding was the focus of Lauras main essay, the topic would be a poor choice for her short answer. If her primary essay has a different focus, then her short answer does an excellent job showing that she is a well-rounded student with a wide range of interests.