What Is The Difference Between Fruits And Vegetables

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fruit) Several culinary fruits Culinary fruits In botany, a fruit is a part of a flowering plant that derives from specific tissues of the flower, one or more ovaries, and in some cases accessory tissues. Fruits are the means by which these plants disseminate seeds. Many of them that bear edible fruits, in particular, have propagated with the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship as a means for seed dispersal and nutrition, respectively; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. 1] Fruits account for a substantial fraction of the world's agricultural output, and some (such as the apple and the pomegranate) have acquired extensive cultural and symbolic meanings.The section of a fungus that produces spores is also called a fruiting body. [2] In common language usage, â€Å"fruit† normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of a plant th at are sweet and edible in the raw state, such as apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, and bananas. [3] On the other hand, the botanical sense of â€Å"fruit† includes many structures that are not commonly called â€Å"fruits†, such as bean pods, corn kernels, wheat grains, and tomatoes. 4] Vegetable From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Vegetables in a supermarket in the United States. A vegetable is an edible plant or part of a plant, but usually excludes seeds and most sweet fruit.This typically means the leaf, stem, or root of a plant. The non-biological definition of a vegetable is largely based on culinary and cultural tradition. Therefore, the application of the word is somewhat arbitrary, based on cultural and/or personal views. For example, some people consider mushrooms to be vegetables even though they are not biologically plants,[1][2] while others consider them a separate food ategory;[3] Some cultures group potatoes with cereal products such as noodles or rice[4], while most English speakers would consider them vegetables. Some vegetables can be consumed raw, some may be eaten cooked, and some must be cooked in order to be edible. Vegetables are most often cooked in savory or salty dishes. However, a few vegetables can be used in desserts and other sweet dishes, such as pumpkin pie and carrot cake. A number of processed food items available on the market contain vegetable ingredients and can be referred to as â€Å"vegetable derived† products.These products may or may not maintain the nutritional integrity of the vegetable used to produce them. Differences Botanic fruit and culinary fruit In the culinary sense of these words, a fruit is usually any sweet-tasting plant product, especially those associated with seeds; a vegetable is any savoury or less sweet plant product; and a nut is any hard, oily, and shelled plant product. [5] These culinary vegetables that are botanically fruit include cucurbits (e. g. , squash, pumpkin , and cucumber), tomatoes, peas, beans, corn, eggplant, and sweet pepper.In addition, some spices, such as allspice and chilies, are fruits, botanically speaking. [6] In contrast, rhubarb is often referred to as a fruit, because it is used to make sweet desserts such as pies, though only the petiole of the rhubarb plant is edible. [7] Edible gymnosperm seeds are often given fruit names, e. g. , pine nuts, ginkgo nuts. Botanically, a cereal grain, such as corn, wheat or rice, is also a kind of fruit, termed a caryopsis. However, the fruit wall is very thin, and is fused to the seed coat, so almost all of the edible grain is actually a seed. 8] Many common terms for seeds and fruit do not correspond to the botanical classifications. In botany, seeds are ripened ovules; fruits are the ripened ovaries or carpels that contain the seeds and a nut is a type of fruit and not a seed. [6] Fruits in the botanical sense, but used as vegetables tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, zucchinis, pumpkins, p eppers, eggplant, tomatillos, chayote, okra, breadfruit, avocado, green beans, and snow peas SPOILER: A crop like Sugarcane though happens to be none of the above but rather a ‘grass' under botanical classification.

Organization Theory and behavior-power and authority Essay

Achievement of organizational objective depends on organization structure which is dynamic. Organization structure defines the flow of power and authority geared toward a particular course of action directed by organization’s objective. For organization structure to help to organization objective it is dependent on the employees. Employees operation are guided by the organization supervisors, whose their role is defined in the organization structures. Supervisor operations are dependent of power and authority which help to ensure things in an organization are done in the right way as well as achieving organization goals and objective. In organization management power and authority are very important as they help the organization to be able to direct organization employee toward organizational goals. Power and authority are dependent on the leadership model in an organization. Organizational managers are the leaders who employees report to hence their performance is dependent on the leadership offered by the manager. Achievement of organizational goal shall only be possible if power and authority are employed effectively. Authority and power helps the management to be able to create a productive culture through social process to guide employees’ capacity towards attaining organization goals and objectives. Power and authority helps the leader â€Å"†¦to create, maintain and improve a culture so that people will achieve objective (purpose) and continue to do so over time†¦Leadership in an organizations is a more specific process of influence since it involves goal that have been specified and can be measured or at least evaluated achieved only through employment of power and authority)† (Macdonald, Burke & Stewart (2006) pp 80). To influence employees toward organization goal, management can employ three ways according to Macdonald, Burke & Stewart (2006). That is force, manipulation and persuasion. Use of force by the management involves employment of force as well as real application of physical force to compel employees to work. Concept of force requires power to as it call for imposing one person against other employees, often referred to as coercion. Manipulation takes form of social distortion which direct requires the subject to do as they are told without asking questions. Manipulation is different force in that there is no coercion and employees are convinced that they are doing the right thing. Persuasion in an organization attempt to influence the employee to act in a certain way geared towards achieving organizational objectives without force or manipulation. It is dependent on will of the employee and mutual trust. Employment of force manipulation in an organization is dependent on the power and authority bestowed to the various leader or supervisors in the organizational operations. In an organization, authority is provided for by the organizational structure. Organizational structure grants an outline formal distribution of authority in an organization. Authority in an organization is largely provided for by formalization meaning standardized as well as rule and regulations that govern employee operations. Formalization defines the discretion in which an employee can act in his/her duties. â€Å"In an organization with high degrees of formalization, job descriptions and policies provide clear direction. Where formalization is low, employees have a great deal of freedom in deciding how to conduct their work†. In an organization different department exhibit different degree of formalization which may be base on the qualification of the employee to the organization affairs or rank of the employee. Authority is related to power in that it legitimizes supervisors to be able to direct and control subordinates to the intended course of action. Authority helps the supervisor to make decision geared towards organizational objective. Organization has three form of authority namely line authority, staff authority as well as team authority all distributed in the organizational structure. Line authority refers to straight supervisory form superior to subordinate organized such that it flows from top to the bottom of organization structure. Organization structure gives the chain of command which is unbroken line of command defining the decision, making process within an organization. Chain of command defining the authority of different personality in an organization helps employees to know who they are answerable to. This helps to avoid problem of duplication organization activities which comes due to more than one person assigning duties. Line of authority which is the basis of chain of command is linked to line department which are directly connected to production and sales of the organizational products. Examples of line department are marketing and production responsible for performance of the employees and reward. Staff authority as compared to line authority is more pegged to authority to advice base on the expertise and involves advising line managers. Employees help the line departments in coming up with the advices to be used for decision making but they lack authority to make the last decision. Staff supervision through suggestions made by line department decides on what is to be carried in the line department, coordinate as well as provide technical assistance. Team authority is executed by work teams responsible for daily operations in an organization. It comprises of groups of operating employees responsible for coordination of the organization operations. Team based structure as define under team authority in an organization organizes separate functions based on the overall organizational objectives. Authority is dependent to power such that for a supervisor to be able to get things done in accordance to the objectives of the organization power is required. â€Å"Everyone has power in one form or another and it is by exercising this power that organization get thing accomplished. Supervisors who are capable of achieving their objective independently of others are said to possess strength†. To be able to include people in the plan as well as organizational activities, supervisor requires power to get organizational things accomplished. Therefore, power is capability to apply influence in the organizational ahead of authority. This is gotten from the position as established by the organizational structure. In an organization a legitimate power bestowed to various leaders in an organization is established by individual position according to organizational hierarchy. Other forms of power include coercive power, reward power, expert power, referent power as well as information power. Supervisors’ power toward course of action depends on influence in the organization giving authority which may be centralized or decentralized. Centralization means the decision making power is concentrated on top of the management while in decentralization form of decision making authority is in lower level of employees. Relation of authority and power is that authority is the legitimate power of a supervisor to be able to direct employee to a certain course of action in accordance to organization goals. In a nutshell authority is a form of power delegated from the organization main authorities to subordinate.

Business Essay Example for Free (#4)

Business Essay A. 1. As I began my journey as a new business owner of a computer company I needed to define my company’s goals, decide which direction I wanted to take the company to and create a mission statement that will best represent my company. Since the company was new I needed to come up with something catchy and promising that would invite potential clients to find out more about the products we offer. Since there were more participants in this game and from my professional experience I learned that staying on the same path and making advancements is more beneficial than trying to change directions every time. In this case I remained focused on the same two groups for the remaining 3 rounds. Instead of changing and adding more products every quarters like most of the other participants I kept my two models (one for each group) and made necessary corrections and modifications based on the market needs. I verified the requirements of each group, the priorities and the price range each client is willing to pay. Since there are no specific techniques used in this part of the business analysis I used my own judgment in making sure that I create the best product with the items that are most important to the potential client group. As stated above I initially created two products (one for each group) and after the first round they both passed 70% but in the scientific group it was not chosen as one of the best. In the second round I was given an option of reviewing products of my competitors and the only difference was the larger monitor and an upgraded keyboard. I added those options to my products and in the next round both products did very well. I had to make sure that in the nest round I keep up with the new upgrades and add them to my products to make sure that I keep up with the new technology. Even after making the upgrades the prices did not change a lot and the two groups still chose my product as one of their choices and my products were receiving 100% in both categories. Out of all the categories my market performance would produce larger results if I was not afraid in estimating more clients and produce more computers in both categories. Every quarter I ended up loosing clients and sales due to shortage in inventory. My market performance, marketing effectiveness and human resource management remained slightly low even though I was very close to my competitors. As far as my salary package I paid my employees the most but I only contributed 2% of their salary versus 5% that everyone else was contributing. I believe that salary is more important than the retirement contribution. I upgraded health benefits but kept the contribution the same. 2.I would not change the targeted markets I have selected because my decision was a success. I wanted to make sure that my company will have balance between high paying clients and not as much demand and those where the profits are not as high but the demand is much higher. My analogy was right on target because with the Mercedes I was making higher profit but the number of machines was not as high as the market for general public where the profit was significantly lower. After being chosen by both markets as a preferred factory I had to make sure that I am keeping up with current technology and by adding extra features the price difference is not too high so that I would loose my lower profit clients. With that business idea I was able to survive my competition and climb up to the top. 3.When it comes to the sales locations I selected I believe that I have done enough research to make a good decision. Since I have chosen Mercedes for scientific computers and general public I wanted to make sure that I cover United States since Mercedes mainly operated in the US and their main headwaters are in Germany. Therefore I chose NY as one of the first offices along with France in Europe. My next choice was Tokyo since they have the most advanced technology and I can use that as my selling point to generate more business. My last choice was South America even though the expenses were not as high but it is less demanding since the poverty is significantly high. As expected, choosing my locations in this order was a success. 4.Marketing research could definitely be improved since I was not as successful as I was hoping to be. Most of my business was coming from direct sales and not as much from other advertising. I did not want to invest large amounts of money on the popular magazines since the fee was very high and I was concentrating on more common papers such as Science Magazines and business papers. Maybe I should have been more adventurous and invest in more popular magazines but I was afraid that I would suffer financially. Also I was not able to come up with a very catchy advertising line to attract potential clients and was scoring somewhat low on the advertising review. B.One of the most important decisions I made was to invest in international markets. Since Mercedes is from Germany and its factories are in the US I felt as investing in a European market would be a good idea simply because I come from Europe and I know that Mercedes is in demand as well as there are a lot of companies in need of a highly developed machine that can make their discoveries and creations a lot easier. I was a little hesitant about opening offices in Tokyo since their technology is very advanced and cost is very high. But because of that I decided to stand with competition face to face and use this to my advantage. By creating same quality machines for a little lesser cost I was able to survive and beat most of my competition. South America had smaller expenses but the demand was not very high considering the high number of less fortunate individuals. If investing in the international markets required large funds I would concentrate on the US market and possibly South America. Unless I discovered high turnaround and my investment would not affect my company’s future I would consider this option. Throughout my entire game I was very cautious and I was afraid of heavy investment simply because my funds were very limited and I did not want to jeopardize my company over greed and quick wealth. After reviewing my financial reports I was able to determine if additional investment is possible and how my this would effect the company overall. Heavy investment would depend on how the financial statements looked, careful review of the international markets and position of the company in the global market. If the company would not be as successful at the end of the 4th quarter as I wanted it to be I would most likely find another route to expand my borders. Business. (2017, Feb 03).

Should our national energy policy focus on building more nuclear power Essay

Should our national energy policy focus on building more nuclear power plants - Essay Example For instance in France, 90% of the electricity that is consumed in that country is from nuclear reactors. It is evident that the future is indeed in nuclear energy thus countries needs to embrace this technology since it is proving to be the game-changer in the future world economics (Kozima, et al.). I think the national energy policy should focus on building more nuclear reactors since the energy demands for a nation like USA are increasing by day and these other forms of energy are proving to be undependable (Krivit, Jay & Thomas). The use of non-renewable fuels has been an issue of contention for so long given the negative impact that the carbon compounds that are produced pose to the environment to the fact that these energy sources will be depleted soon. Thus, questions raise what next when these energy options are exhausted? Renewable energy options such as wind are also no-dependable for large economies like America (Anthony & Chandler). Wind power will only be available when there is wind mean in the event of absence of wind the energy resource will not be available. This brings in the conviction point that the nuclear energy is an option that will solve global energy issues amicably. Many factors support the idea of the national energy policy building more nuclear react ors some of them have been elaborated as follows (Ferguson & Charles). Nuclear reactors are famous as the only form of energy production that has least environmental impact. Unlike other forms of energy production that emit junks of carbon compounds into the atmosphere the gases that are emitted from nuclear reactors are environmentally friendly and do not contain any trace of greenhouse gases (Verfondern). Today’s world is faced with the burden of global warming as a result of greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere (Anthony & Chandler). If

An Experience Related to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Experience Related to Crime - Essay Example It was a busy intersection on a week-end with lots of bystanders and people inadvertently crossing the busy crossroads. The actual hit and run incident was not actually observed but the man sprawled just near the middle island of two busy streets was a disturbing sight – especially when people just looked and no one dared to find out if assistance could still be provided. No police officer was on the premises. The initial reaction was to try to bring the victim to the nearest hospital, with the plan of reporting the hit and run incident leading to vehicular manslaughter in the hospital desk. The impact of the criminal incident had unexpected repercussions that could not be forgotten. A vehicular manslaughter has been defined by Hill and Hill (2005) as â€Å"the crime of causing the death of a human being due to illegal driving of an automobile, including gross negligence, drunk driving, reckless driving, or speeding† (par. 1). In this particular case, it was reported by various bystanders who witnessed the crime as due to reckless driving, in conjunction with speeding. The vehicle was identified as a cargo truck. Through the assistance of witnesses, who willingly provided their names and contact numbers, the information was likewise relayed to the hospital to be forwarded to criminal investigators and police officers, as required. T

Finance and Accounting for MacLeish Nurseries Essay - 9

Finance and Accounting for MacLeish Nurseries - Essay Example By decreasing the selling price, MacLeish will be in a position to increase the number of profits that it would report in the financial statements hence increase their ability to increase the amounts of their loans and be in a position to make the repayments. I, therefore, recommend that MacLeish increase their investment on advertisement and lower their prices to benefit from the elastic demand nature of their products. Bedford property management just like any other company must undertake variance analysis as a way of managing their costs and ensuring efficiency. In the calculation below, it is evident that the company has recorded adverse variance in all areas and the management must, therefore, move with speed to control to take corrective actions. In the case of labor cost variance, Ms. Kim should ensure that close supervision is conducted to eradicate the inefficiency. At the same time, Kim has to reduce the rate per hour rewarded to the workers. The variances with regard to the number of respondents must also be corrected to increase the turnover. Management has to increase their marketing strategies to ensure the number of customers served increase to remove the adverse variance. The rates charged to the clients should also be as per the standards to eliminate the rate variance. Finally, the management has to control their overhead costs by reducing the expenses like rent, maintenance, and insurance to eliminate over expenditure. In conclusion, variance analysis should be carefully done to ensure profitability and success.

The Positivist Lens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Positivist Lens - Essay Example Multiple studies have shown that Corporate Social Responsibility can no longer be seen by organizations as discretionary, rather it is now a pertinent strategic issue. However, there still is a gap in the empirical evidence on the actual link between CSR and actual business performance. The study will investigate the extent to which CSR has impacted business performance and by extension its benefits to society as a whole. Creswell, (2008) document that quantitative research questions are designed to inquire about the relationships among variables that the investigator is seeking to know. The quantitative research question for this investigation is; The purpose of the key purpose of the study will be to establish whether there is a correlation, positive or negative, between corporate social responsibility and actual business performance. The study also seeks to establish and define any existing trends for measuring business performance in relation to existing strategy. The paper also purposes to establish the impact of CSR on business performance focusing on key performance indicators which include market value, revenue and shareholder value. The study will also have the purpose of establishing the approaches for effectively measuring the impact of CSR on business performance. The topic will be analyzed through the positivist lens which proposes that perceptual data derived from sensory experience and logically and mathematically treated is the source of all knowledge. The approach has been shown to provide better measurements in all areas be they classifications or levels; besides it allows for the monitoring of trends over time, (Creswell, 2008). Since it provides for statistical manipulation, the researcher can find statistical correlations hence have a clearer picture on how the key variables; CSR and actual business performance relate. Besides,

Applying your knowledge of immunology, analyse the causes of Essay

Applying your knowledge of immunology, analyse the causes of Cl.difficile. Discuss interventions for the prevention of Cl.difficile and the appropriate treatment for this infection - Essay Example C. difficile is a spore forming, anaerobic bacilli, shows positive Gram reaction and is known to be associated with nosocomial diarrhea. It is an etiological representative of pseudo membranous colitis (PMC) and 15-25% of diarrhea associated with the intake of antibiotics (Bartlett, 2002). It is known that bacteria adapt to the shifting environment and so do their response to antibiotics, making them resistant and more virulent. Severity of CDAD is also associated with similar paradigm. In severe and acute cases CDAD may cause ulceration and hemorrhage. The disease encompasses diarrhea, fever, amplified fecal leukocytes, abdominal cramping and dehydration; leading to hypoalbuminaemia, toxic megacolon, colonic perforation and PMC causing amplification in morbidity and mortality (Poutanen, 2004). Pathogenic Clostridium difficile produces exotoxins- A and B. They have potential role in causing CDAD (Pothoulakis, 1996). Strains producing toxin either A+ B+ or A‑B+ are responsible for virulence while non-toxin producing strains are non virulent and do not cause diarrhea. In normal individuals, enteric pathogens are prohibited from establishment due to native intestinal microflora, contributing to host’s defense mechanism. Clostridium difficile is a potent pathogen that successfully establishes infection because of its immense ability to produce toxins thereby paving the way for C. difficile colonization. Toxins generated by C. difficile are highly enterotoxic and cytotoxic. Healthy individuals possess antibodies serum IgG and intestinal secretory IgA against toxin A, and efficiently bind to the intestinal receptors of toxin A. This is a condition where humoural response to toxin A is hampered and thus C. difficile finds way for proliferation. The action of toxin A causes disruption of epithelial cells, enhanced fluid emission, damage of mucosa, irritation and tenderness due to enhanced permeability of tight junctions causing diarrhea or PMC

Personal Statement for Bioinformatics Graduate Program

For Bioinformatics Graduate Program - Personal Statement Example At High School, my plans for the future centered on my becoming a practicing doctor, with the skill of healing patients. I must admit that I had to overcome the disadvantage of a relatively weak foundation in Science, as a result of my Middle School curriculum in China, which did not include Biology. The language barrier also proved difficult to break during the initial years of my arrival in the USA, and my focus then was on mastering English and Mathematics, and understanding American culture. The scientific terms in Biology were difficult to come to grips with! However, my determination to enter the field of Medicine kept me going. The same determination is now my tool in my effort to overcome any shortcomings in my academic career. I am very aware that my GRE writing score of 3 could have been higher, and am determined to identify and address this through repeated practice of writing skills. A career in medicine continued to be my goal as I stood on the threshold of my freshman y ear at the University of California, Davis. However, the first Molecular Cellular Biology class I attended at the UC Davis, discussing gene therapy, proved to be a revelation to me: I had discovered the interest of my life! I was fascinated by the intricacies and application of genetics: especially in the area of finding epigenetic information. Here was a new front in the battle against chronic disease. As I continued to take additional technical electives in Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, I came to realize that genetics is one of the most powerful tools available to humanity in the field of medicine. Gene association studies and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection can be used in disease prediction, thus potentially preventing disease formation. Genetics is the cutting-edge of health-care research and personalized medicine. The next step in my academic evolution was my realization of the power of technology. As the only child of immigrant parents who were focused on earning a living, the computer has been a good friend of mine, right from the age of twelve, when I moved to the USA. While working as a Laboratory Assistant at the Immunology and Histology Lab of UC Davis Veterinary School in 2009-2010, I became deeply aware of the vast amount of medical information stored and retrieved by accessing a database. This personal experience of the power and efficacy of computers impressed on me the importance of technology as a tool in research. I discovered that the hands-on processing of data gives me immense satisfaction. Gradually, my earlier interest in science and research shifted focus from the traditional bench sitting to a computer oriented approach. Therefore, in my junior year of college, I declared my major as Biotechnology, with a Bioinformatics option that combined my interests in both technology/informatics and biology/genetics. The Applied Bioinformatics course I took in the fall of 2010 confirmed that my special interest lay in the field of bioinformatics and its application in genetic/genomic studies. Craving further practical experience in this field, I opted for internships at different laboratories: Theg Lab, UC Davis; Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, UC Davis; Dubcovsky Wheat Genetic Lab, UC Davis;

A new tourist market, Costa Rica Research Paper

A new tourist market, Costa Rica - Research Paper Example The term alternative tourism is easily explained by describing the setting and activities undertaken at alternative tourist sites. Is this because alternative tourism is not an independent phenomenon but that, it was crafted out of the traditional type of tourism, commonly referred to as mass tourism. Newsome, Moore & Dowling (2002) describe alternative tourism as â€Å"the existence of small or medium companies, created by families or friends, where there is the possibility of more contact with the communities and where most of the times there is a respect for the environment.† This means that alternative tourism is best seen in the set up of a particular tourist site and the kind of activities that go on there. Alternative tourism is therefore the opposite of the traditional form of tourism which is characterized by companies are property of big transnational corporations, where one expects the same type of service and facilities all around the world.In this form of tourism, the owners of tourist sites barely have any connection with the local community. As far as they are concerned, they are into business and the tourist is their greatest assert. So where as mass tourism is set up by big companies and corporations, alternative tourism is set up by relatively small groups of people, mostly family-owned. Again, whereas mass tourism has relatively nothing to do with the local community, alternative tourism focuses on the local community, what the community is made up of, its culture, its arts, its history and so on. As tourists around the world look for diversity in their visitations, most of them have resorted to alternative tourism for this variety. Countries around the world have therefore began giving alternative tourism a lot of attention. One of such countries is Costa Rica. Background of alternative tourism in Costa Rica In recent years, Costa Rica has embraced alternative tourism. This is seen in the springing up of several well resourced alterna tive tourism destinations in the country. The specialty of these tourism destinations are in the fields of native arts and crafts. These are aspects of tourism that helps in the promotion of the rich culture of the country. Barker (2010) observes that â€Å"In recent years, however, artists across the spectrum have found a new confidence and are shaking off rigid social norms, exciting for a country long dismissed as a cultural backwater.† This is to say that the promotion of art and culture as part of the unique identity of Costa Rica was relative impoverished in the country until recently when the urge to promote art and culture was taken over by alternative tourism in the country. Presently, the alternative tourism industry is taking great advantage of the country’s abundant natural resource gift. Todras-Whitehill (2009) notes that Costa Rica is â€Å"enclosed in tropical lines of latitude, with appropriate squiggles for mountains, coasts and interior borders, it's an inkblot for projecting travel fantasies. Beach lovers trace the craggy coasts and see hammocks swinging in the sunset breeze.† The tourism industry in Costa Rica has capitalized on this to promote alternative tourism in the area of culture heritage, events, showcasing beauty of nature vacation travels. Among all tourist destinations in Costa Rica, one destination site that has been hailed as the most preferred is the Manuel Antonio National Park Manuel Antonio National Park, an outstanding alternative tourism destination in Perspective Manuel Antonio National Park is in the alternative tourism business in Costa Rica. It is found in the North Puntarenas Province of Costa Rica. Manuel Antonio Na

Operating System and Microsoft Corporation Essay Example for Free

Operating System and Microsoft Corporation Essay Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational software corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the worlds largest software maker measured by revenues.[3] It is also one of theworlds most valuable companies.[4] Microsoft was established to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computeroperating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The companys 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent rise in its share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion in its largest acquisition to date.[5] As of 2012, Microsoft is market dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets (the latter with Microsoft Office). The company also produces a wide range of other software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet search(with Bing), the video game industry (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile phones (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer. In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft used monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies includingrefusal to deal and tying, put unreason able restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics; both the U.S. Department of Justice and European Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws. Microsoft is the undisputed leader in the market for operating systems (Sheremata 1997). The Microsoft Corporation has produced the vast majority of operating systems for all personal computers (PCs); moreover, operating systems that Microsoft has created are Windows95, Windows 3.1, and DOS. They also have produced the leading spreadsheet and word processors for both Windows and Macintosh operating systems. They own 85% of the market share with their office software Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Microsoft Exchange, and Microsoft Access. Not surprisingly, most of us have used some if not all of these products and/ or services provided by the Microsoft Corporation. How did the Microsoft Corporation develop into a software monopoly? For the most part, one or several combinations of the following forge monopolies: an amalgamation of smart business decisions, mistakes by competitors, and at times some shady tactics that a company might employ to become a market leader and monopoly of today. Microsoft had its beginning during the 1970s when IBM was the computer hardware giant of the industry. In 1975 Microsoft was the producer of programming languages for MIPS Altair 7500 (Conigliaro1996). In 1981, Microsoft purchased an operating system for an Intel based 8086 chip from a small company named Seattle Computer Products and redesigned its product to sell it to license it to IBM for its new personal computer (PC) (Conigliaro1996). The redesigned product was released under the name MS DOS 1.0. IBM being a monopoly at that time in the hardware department, by allowing Microsoft to provide the operating system to its PCs, then an outside source, relinquished control of the software industry to this up-and-coming powerhouse. Microsoft retained the right to license their operating system to other manufacturers and helped spur the massive IBM clone industry. Microsoft became one of the leaders in the computer industry during the 1980s with the help of technologies that help provide PCs for an information hungry age and with Microsoft providing the operating systems for a high percentage of the PCs sold. By the late 1980s, Microsoft controlled the operating system market; versions of MS-DOS ran over 80% of personal computers (Conigliaro1996). However, Microsoft did not control any of the application markets, this honor went to Lotus, which at the time had the top spreadsheet, 1-2-3 and WordPerfect had the leading word processors, WordPerfect. When Microsoft introduced Microsoft Windows 3.1 in the 1990s, it locked in Microsoft in the driver seat for what is now the software monopoly that exists. Soon after, Microsoft introduced Excel 3.0 for Windows and Word for Windows 2.0. Lotus and WordPerfect did not realize the effects that Windows 3.0 would have on the industry and did not plan ahead for the evolution (Gleick 1995). The claim has also been made that Microsoft used its control over the operating system and graphical user interface markets to help growth in the applications market. Some executives spoke of the â€Å"Chinese Wall†, that is some of the developers learned to take advantage of the operating system before other companies could who did not have the access (Gleick 1995). They were also accused of when introducing new technology called object linking embedding (OLE) in Windows, they would provide the technology to Excel 3.0 developers to incorporate it into Excel before the technology was available to other companies. Making it possible for applications on a system to work with other applications made by Microsoft before competitors could have a chance to compete and provide the same or a comparable application. With the introduction of Windows 3.1 (an update on 3.0) and Microsoft having the edge, Microsoft’s Excel, Word and Office started to dominate the application market. The dawn of Microsoft the monopoly empire was on the horizon. In the 1990s Microsoft began to diversify with its dominance over the application and operating systems it began to get into producing products for multimedia, business operation systems, and now even games and online services. They have been accused of shady business practices when they attempted to purchase Intuit, the software company that owns Quicken, the world’s most popular personal finance manager. And Microsoft’s pairing Windows 95 with The Microsoft Network, both moves are threatening to new competitors because of the barriers they create. They also generate risks to innovation and competition through the entire industry. Microsoft has used its power as the leader in the market with operating systems to grow into the power that it is now. A combination of good business tactics, regretful business choices by competitors, and finally Microsoft using its new power has made Microsoft untouchable by competitors. We have several examples of monopolies in our past as a nation, and we have found that monopolies have a tendency to stiffen innovation. With computer systems innovation is important to continue and stay ahead of the market. The example we can think about is IBM, when IBM split its business it opened the door to several new businesses that have only helped society. Is Microsoft going to help society if it is ordered to split? We can only wait and see. By making Microsoft split it will open the door to new ideas from small entrepreneurs that might have the next great operating system. # Microsoft has long enjoyed Olympian profit margins, using its monopoly power to maintain prices on its software even in tough times. But now, amid a terrible downturn and rising competition, CEO Steven A. Ballmer is shifting to a scrappier approach. He is cutting prices on a variety of fronts, from flagship Windows and Office products to newfangled Internet services. The idea is to accept lower margins in some businesses but boost overall earnings by going after a grab bag of growth opportunities. These range from expanding its share of big companies software purchases to lowering the price of Office software so consumers in emerging markets pay for it rather than pirate it. With the outlook so cloudy, were focusing on gaining share in those areas that are most critical, says Stephen A. Elop, who heads the business division. On July 13, Elop demonstrated the new Office 2010 in New Orleans. While Microsoft expects most customers to pay for the program the way they always have, less powerful, ad-supported versions will be available free on the Web. The company is also charging a monthly fee for online applications, such as the e-mail program Exchange, which is about a third as profitable as selling the software on CDs. And on Oct. 22, Microsofts new Windows 7 PC operating system will go on sale in stores for $40 less than the $240 it charged when it launched its Vista program in 2007—the biggest price cut on a new version of Windows in years. All of these moves amount to a risky experiment in price elasticity. By lowering prices, the company hopes to increase sales of existing products while making fast headway with new ones. If the company can gain enough market share to cover its massive costs in Web services and Internet search—notably, its vast data centers—every extra dollar will be pure profit. Im not saying it will be easy, says Ballmer. But we have great opportunities to grow total profit dollars. ONLY $29 IN CHINAMicrosoft is cutting the price of Office and offering the free versions of Word, Excel, and other programs to head off competition from Google and other rivals that offer similar software at little or no cost. Microsoft has so many promotions for Office that its effective price is $100, down from $150, and even lower in such countries as Brazil and India. But the experience is sparking optimism at Microsoft about the new strategy. The company says unit sales of Office surged 415% in the second half of last year. The most aggressive price cut has come in China, where Microsoft says 95% of Office installations have been pirated. Since it began testing a $29 offer in China last September, sales have soared morethan 800%. The low price was like taking firewood from under the cauldron of piracy, says Liu Tianxiang, a vice-president with Beijing Federal Software, a Chinese software distributor. He figures Microsoft has sold 80,000 copies of Office in China since the trial started. Now Microsoft intends to make the low price permanent. Not surprisingly, Microsoft continues to hunt for ways to offset price cuts. It hopes to boost the bottom line by encouraging Windows 7 software users to upgrade more often. Since the program CD will come loaded with multiple versions, users who buy the cheaper Starter edition can easily pay later to get premium features. Of course, that risks annoying users—when rivals such as Google are trying to lure customers with cheaper alternatives. But in the current economy, theres no risk-free way to stay ahead.

Challenges of the Native American Essay Example for Free

Challenges of the Native American Essay Native American culture is in its downfall, due to the discrimination and dehumanization that Native Americans have faced. Native American culture revolves around a circle. They believe the most important aspects of life such as nature is based on circles. The repetition of life and death, their own families, and even the food chain are all examples of circles. These circles have been shattered by the discrepancies from white men in particular. Being kicked off their land and forced into reservations, Carlisle Schools, and substance abuse have broken the Native American circle. Authors like Sherman Alexie have displayed examples of these broken circles. His work has made our society aware of the discrimination the Native American culture has endured. Settlers viewed themselves as above the Native Americans resulting in conflicts between the two. These conflicts escalated, and the white settlers viewed Native Americans as a threat to the country. The U. S. government forced Native Americans onto land that was viewed unimportant, or of no value at all. This has broken their circle by forcing them away from their homeland and they had to restart their lives in a new land. This was the beginning of the downfall for the Native American culture and its circle. Schools were specifically designed to tear apart the Native American circle. The Carlisle School was founded by Richard Pratt in 1892 (Pavelic, Perelshstein 1). The school†s main goal was to convert young Native Americans to American lifestyle and culture. The school stripped Native American childrens culture away from them by converting them to Christianity, and forcing them to never use their native language (Pavelic, Perelshstein 1). By tearing the Native American culture out of the children, the culture is unable to pass on through them hence destroying the circle by not allowing their culture to be taught to future generations. After the discrimination and dehumanization from being kicked off their land and being forced into American culture, many Native Americans also began self-destructing due to substance abuse. Native Americans have the highest rate of substance abuse above any other race in the U. S. (Meir 1). These substances include alcohol, and harsher drugs such as methamphetamine. Substance abuse breaks the family circle because it leads to physical abuse, or abandoning of families displayed in the movie Smoke Signals. Many Native Americans use alcohol as a coping mechanism to deal with all the pain they have to face. The abuse of alcohol shows the lack of hope, and shows them surrendering to the discrimination thus surrendering their dreams. By giving up on what they have wanted they fracture the circle of hope and happiness. Hope and happiness are two very important circles because they give people fuel to do great things. When one person is happy and has hope it will be contagious giving people joy. Without this circle the world would be a very tedious and weary place. Authors have made attempts to restore Native American culture and the broken circles. The book Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie is novel about hope. Arnold Spirit who lives on a impoverished Native American reservation is the main character in the novel. He is bullied and physically beaten on a day to day basis and almost every adult on the reservation is an alcoholic including his parents. Arnold does not give up, he sees an opportunity to be uplifted from all of the hardships and he takes it. Sherman Alexie shows that hope, and willpower is what is needed in order to restore the circle. Sherman Alexie also wrote the screenplay to the movie called, Smoke Signals. This movie revolves around the fight of normal Native Americans to rise above stereotypes. Thomas-Builds-the-Fire and Victor Joseph are the main characters who set off to obtain Victors Dads ashes who abandoned Victor when he was young. Their problem is that it is hard to discover who they really are because of all the stereotypes that tear them apart. Victor asks Thomas how many times he had seen Dances with Wolves. A hundred, two hundred times? Oh, jeez, you have seen it that many times, havent you? Man, do you think that shit is real? God. Dont you even know how to be a real Indian? Thomas responded saying, I guess not. Victor then went on to tell Thomas to look more stoic and not to smile like an idiot. This scene is an example of how Victor rejects stereotypes, yet embraces them. He does not know who he is, if he is like a stoic Native American, or if he is just like everyone else in the world. In the end, Thomas and Victor manage to discover themselves and to surpass their confusion regarding their identity induced by the stereotypical image others have of them. Thomas helps Victor by showing him not all people are bad and untrustworthy. Thomas teaches Victor to forgive and forget which helps Victor forgive his father. Thomas would tell Victor good stories about how great his dad was which leads to Victor cutting off his hair because he is ashamed of how he felt towards his father. Cutting off ones hair was a Native American ceremony used to show regret. Sherman Alexie has impacted the Native American culture with his award winning book Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, and his screenplay for the movie Smoke Signals. He has impacted their culture by showing the world examples of broken circles and has given hope to the Native Americans. The Native Americans circle has been broken by stereotypes, dehumanization, and discrimination of the past and the present. Each has torn apart the Native American culture leaving a permanent mark. Most Native Americans have no hope regarding any change to their broken culture. The high rate of substance abuse among Native Americans shows the lack of hope, and the acceptance of such a broken culture. Those who seek hope such as Sherman Alexie, have been successful. He displays his hope in the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, and in the movie, Smoke Signals. Ultimately, hope is the key that unlocks the broken circles that Native Americans have been overtaken by.

An Overview On World Food Programme English Language Essay

An Overview On World Food Programme English Language Essay One of the most important issues in the world is food crisis which a large number of people are suffering from it. While there are about 1.6 billion of people overweight and 500 million are obese, there are billion people in the world who suffering from hunger (More Food May Not Mean Less Hunger ,2009).there are several reasons for food crisis these days such as ; increase in the population , climate change ,increase prices and natural disaster ( drought , flood and climate change ) .there are responses which have taken to solve these problems many responses which taken such as ; financial aid ,GM food and food aid this essay will discuss how successful is food aid .first, it will present general information about food aid .then , it will show some statistics about food aid . finally, it will discuss the food aid in Bangladesh and Ethiopia . Food aid is a generic term which encompasses a range of instruments and interventions (Christopher. Barrett Daniel Maxwell, 2005)6.As what World Food Programme said ; the aim from Food aid is to give poorest people food which helps them to live (2009) 2 and to fix food problems such as food insecurity and malnutrition around the world during the crisis period and 5 . Shah stats thatThere are three kind of receiving food aid, First is by which is project food aid which gives food aid as result of specific project3 .Second type is relief food aid which is occur in war or other emergency situations 3.the last type is comes from government to government3 (2007).food aid has three ways to be given to people multilateral aid4orand Non Government Organization aid4 , it can be called bilateral aid4(OPPapers ,2008) According to what is written in Global Policy Forum Food aid Global policy said food aid comes countries and charities such as WFP which means World Food Programme 1which work to help 88 million people 1.in addition, World Food Programme receive the donations as money -if that possible or as food1. More than half of global food aid is given by united stats and the other half comes from Canada and Japan1. In 1960s the donations of food aids was five million tonnes and this number increased to 7.4 million tonnes in 2004 1. Most of the countries choose the country which wants it to receive the food aid rather than to be chosen by the World Food Programme1 (2005). There are many developing countries receive food aid ,one of these countries are Bangladesh and Ethiopia .Bangladesh improved the producing food since it started to depend on its self in 19717 (Akhter Shahidur,2006).the rice and wheat which are the main Bangladesh product, their prices increased by 84 percent at that time. 7 (Akhter Shahidur,2006). Coutts argue that Unfortunately, it cannot continue its achievements because of many reasons such as drought while the Bangladesh food product depends on water to grow up and in the other periods there was floodwaters which make Bangladesh lose most of its products8(Coutts, 2004). Moreover, there is increase in food prices and some kinds of food increased by more than 20% in the rice price and the vegetables selling prices increase, too (Coutts, 2004). 8and that number keep growing up until it became 50 % in 200811.As a result of that the number of employee is decrease and many people are suffering from malnutrition8(Coutts, 2004).the hung er project states that it has high number of people living there and the number of population is increased and it consider as the second high population in the world with 150 million people live there 13. In addition ,for about every fifty years the number of rats in Bangladesh increased sharply and that effect the agriculture area which leads it to decease because the crops are damaged by rats which ate 90% of harvest that leads about 130,000 people to suffering from food shortage .all of reasons above cause lack of food in Bangladesh and food insecurity 10and number of people who live under the poor line is about half of its population 13.(n.d) Dhulme Points out that For the above problem it spouse to have some solutions to solve them and that what is happened in Bangladesh12. In the begging the Bangladesh government do not do anything to stop these problems from expanding 12 .until the problems became serious and it need to be solve very fast because it effect people lives there .for that the Bangladesh government take a decision to import food but that was too late because the food pieces increased 12(2008). To solve rate crisis there people invoked to eat rats and this solution is failed to reduce the problem with them10 .Food aid comes to Bangladesh from to programmes for food aid which are UNICEF and the UN World Food Programme (WFP) 10.the Wold Food Programme gives the basic food to the 25,680 poorest families there while UNICEF take care about children nutrition and gives them the healthy food which protect them from diseases10 .Also , UNICEF Provide food sprinkles to 11,794 children and , 6,003 girls , ,201 pregnant women and 1,028 lactating mothers10.( Seymour,2008) Philippines point that these solutions seems to be successful to solve most of problems in Bangladesh ,as what the statistics said the people becomes heather and the average age for male and female increased in the last thirty years ,in 1997 the women average age was about 58.1 years and for men it was 58.2 years and these number increased in 2001 to 60.9 years for women and 60.1 for men. in generally, the poverty declined in Bangladesh14 .Also, the people who live below the poverty line decrease from 55% in1985 to 44% in 1999.the number of employment in the ready mad garment sector has increased from 582,000 employee between 1991 and 1992 to 1,500,000 employee between 1997 and 199814(2004).according to world food programme , Chakma said The rice and biscuits are very helpful during this lean time(2009). The other country which receive food aid is Ethiopia .Ethiopia is located in Africa it is considered as a poor country .according to Greste in BBC News Ethiopia in the last thirty years is getting the most of aid more than any other country in Africa (2006)15.Although it has fertile land which is able to produce food , there is a famine and the number of hungry people is going up .the food crisis in Ethiopia has happened as a result of high population who need to eat food since 1985 the number of population is doubled to about 80 million 16 (Hampson, 2008).also, there are rain problems there for example there was no rain in 2003 and the dought period length was 18 month16(Hampson, 2008).in some places there is not enough rain for that reason the prices of food are increasing .in adition, the food prices increase until the inflation is more than 75%16(Hampson, 2008) World food programme pointed that the price for cereal in Ethiopia increase by more than 100 %17(n.d).the reasons above leads to food shortage which make many people malnourished. Moreover, animals are affected and dying .in that situation people used to eat false bananas To put an end to that problems Save The Children UK are try to save the children by doing some solutions it gives help to must of poor people .The World Food Programme is helping 11 million poor people in Ethiopia and it the emergency food ration is reduced by one third(World Food Programme ,(n.d) 17. Getachew point out that UNICEF with helping from the European Commissions Office for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) gives food to Ethiopian. ECHO gave 3.3 million euros by this number of money 70,000 got food in 2008 18(2009). Moreover, accourding to Thomas and LaVerle it take help form other charities such as International Development (AID), The World Health Organization (WHO) U.S. .For above responses which taken to help Ethiopia there are many things change there ; even though ,the medical facilities increased slowly19. 80 % of people there who have not access to technique and the number of people who have AIDS increased from 2 in 1986 to 355 in 199019(1991). 11% of people die by tuberculosis and 60 % of death caused by preventable ( Health and welfare , n.d) In general , the food aid is help the two has different result .in Bangladesh the average age for both men and women slightly increased ,the number of poor people decreased and the number of employee increased . in Ethiopia , medical facilities slowly increased m the farms a bit increase on other hand the number of people who do not have clean and safety water in considerably high .To sum up in both two countries food aid is not successful and it does not solve all the problems but in Bangladesh it solve some of problems even more than it in Ethiopia . In conclusion, this essay has focused on how it food aid is successful as a response for food crisis and point out that there are a large number of people who depend on food aid as a main factor .Also , it seems food aid is not solve all the problems in the countries and it do not get the same result in all countries , some of them it was successful and other not which depend on the countries its self and how it react with the food aid .Finally , financial aid is considerably better than food aid because it gives more choices to people to do with it ,they can buy anything by the money but they can only eat the food . References:- How Does Food Aid Works (September 16, 2005) http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/217/46186.html World Food Programme http://www.wfp.org/content/nutrition-and-food-aid-lessons-ethiopia Shah(December 03, 2007) Food aid http://www.globalissues.org/article/748/food-aid#Typesoffoodaid Food Aid Benefits Rich Countries As Much As It Does For Poor Countries http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Food-Aid-Benefits-Rich-Countries-Much/169357 Food aid in crises should also aim for longer-term self-reliance ,UN News Centre http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=14769Cr=foodCr1=aid Christopher. B. Barrett, Daniel G. Maxwell, Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role (London: Routledge, 2005), Chapter 1, page 4 Akhter Shahidur Manohar Sajjad (2003) : A Study On Food Aid Leakage In Bangladesh http://www.un.org.bd/pub/unpubs/WFPFood%20Aid%20Leakage,03.pdf Coutts,(2004) : After the floods : Bangladesh faces a food crisis http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/opinion/27iht-edcoutts_ed3_.html McHernry Bird (n.d) : Food Bunle In Bangladesh http://www.foreignpolicy.com/Ning/archive/archive/027/2.PDF Seymour,(2008 ) Rat flood triggers food crisis in Bangladesh http://southasia.oneworld.net/todaysheadlines/rat-flood-triggers-food-crisis-in-bangladesh Advisory: Food and Economic Crisis in Bangladesh (May 14 ,2008): Compassion http://www.compassion.com/sponsordonor/countrynews/bd/News/advisory-economic-crisis-in-bangladesh.htm Hulme ,(2008) Food Insecurity in Bangladesh: the OtherCrisis : End the World poverty http://povertyblog.wordpress.com/2007/11/22/food-insecurity-in-bangladesh-the-other-crisis/ Bangladesh (n.d)http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/south_asia/bangladesh/overview?gclid=CPbZkv-wvZ4CFaBb4wod2ElLmw Manila (2004) BANGLADES Gender, Poverty, and the Millennium Development Goals : the Asian Development Bank available at http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Country-Gender-Assessments/cga-women-bangladesh.pdf Greste (2 February 2006) Ethiopias food aid addiction : BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4671690.stm Hampson, (2008) Ethiopias new famine: A ticking time bomb http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-17-ethiopia_N.htm World Food Programme (n.d) http://www.wfp.org/countries/ethiopia 18- Getachew(23 October 2009) Therapeutic food helps save childrens lives in southern Ethiopia http://www.unicef.org.uk/press/news_detail_full_story.asp?news_id=1402 19-Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, editors. Ethiopia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. http://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/75.htm More Food May Not Mean Less Hunger (2009) available at http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/More-Food-May-Not-Mean-Less-Hunger,6825 Kelly, A. ,(2008), The rains have come, the lan is but Ethiopians still go hungry ,The Guadian,1st August 2008

Attitudes of Chinese Immigrants in the U.S. :: History

Attitudes of Chinese Immigrants in the U.S. Attitudes about personal interest and career choices are influenced by a person‘s culture and age. â€Å"I want to be a pilot.† â€Å"I want to a lawyer.† Younger generations always decide their interest and what they want to do as their career based on their own benefit. Observing from the past in the U.S., very limited opportunity is offered to the Chinese immigrants. They might consider if they can do it, in stead of if they want to do it or not. Regardless of what education level they possessed most of the Chinese immigrant work as a waiter, waitress or some low paid jobs. However, the Chinese immigrants’ position in U.S. community is changing these years. Chinese immigrants are being appreciable in the U.S. community. As the changes, there were so many conflicts between younger and older generation who are Chinese immigrants after viewing on career choices and personal interest. I am interested in this topic and I have interviewed two people of differe nt generation who both earned a bachelor degree in the U.S. Except generation differences, they have got similar background. I am going to learn more about how different generations view personal interest and career choices. Vincent Kwan, an accountant in California, is a Chinese immigrant who moved to the U.S. with his family since 1971. Sandy Wong, currently a college student in Santa Monica College, immigrated to U.S. with her family since 1995. And her future goal is to be a politician in U.S. I have learned a lot about Chinese immigrants’ views career choices and personal interest. As the position of Chinese and the generation changed, they have different views with these two issues. They were all talkative and willing to share their personal feeling with me. First, Vincent and Sandy have similar views with personal interest. Nowadays, technology and equity is promoted in the world, especially in U.S. Him and Sandy agree that the status of Chinese become greater in America. Vincent grew up in a typical Chinese family, he wish to be a pilot when he was small. However he has banned this idea. The main reasons are because he didn’t have any chances to approach planes and his parents didn’t give him any support on this issue. â€Å"The most important factor of deciding career is the salary. It is because it will help you to achieve a satisfactory life.

Borges Use of Berkeleys Idealism Essays -- Essays Papers

Borge's Use of Berkeley's Idealism Jorge Luis Borges drew upon a number of philosophical and intellectual models in his writing, one of which is George Berkeley’s subjective idealism. In "Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius," Borges paints a picture of a perfect reality governed by Berkeley’s idea that matter only exists in perception, and in "The Circular Ruins," he presents a man who creates a boy who cannot exist independent of his perception. However, by employing Berkeley’s logic in these stories, Borges is in fact denying Berkeley’s ultimate purpose: the justification of the existence of God. In almost all of his work, Berkeley’s fundamental goal is to logically disprove any thinking that presumes the non-existence of God (Muehlmann 231). In a nutshell, Berkeley argues that matter does not exist outside of human perception. In his Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, he asserts the following: If it be allowed that no idea nor anything like an idea can exist in an unperceiving substance, then surely it follows, that no figure or mode of extension which we can either perceive or imagine, or have any idea of, an be really inherent in matter. (Three Dialogues 139) According to Berkeley, only qualities of matter exist, and only in the perceiving mind. For instance, fire as an object does not exist, but the sensation it produces in the mind does because the mind can perceive it. Outside of the perception of heat, fire does not exist because the mind is not present to acknowledge it (123-128). Berkeley expands this principle further to justify the existence of God, arguing that for ideas to be perceivable, they must be perceived. Thus, anything that cannot be perceived by the mind can only exist in the mind of Go... ...rcular Ruins," or a culmination of several different forces, as in "Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" (59). Subjective idealism is enough to explain the nature of human perception, but is hopelessly theocentric concerning Berkeley’s ultimate purpose. Borges exploits this weakness, and subsequently uses Berkeley’s crowning philosophical achievement to defend agnosticism and reinforce the uncertainty surrounding God. Works Cited Berkeley, George. Principles of Human Knowledge. London: Penguin, 1988. Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous. London: Penguin, 1988. Borges, Jorge Luis. Ficciones. Trans. Emecà © Editores. New York: Grove Press, 1962. Dunham, Lowell and Ivar Ivask. The Cardinal Points of Boges. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971. Muehlmann, Robert G. Berkeley’s Metaphysics. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.

European Imperialism :: essays research papers

By the 1900's, Europe was already underway with its imperialistic conquests abroad. Colonies were forcefully taken and undeveloped nations were carved apart by so-called "racial crusaders", who were on a mission to civilize the barbaric. Along with expansion, however, came abuses from the invading powers. These flaws in European dominance can easily be noted, especially when examining Africa and Asia; the consequences, in some cases, being death by the thousands. Therefore, due to these and other severe actions during their domination of the world, Europeans should be condemned for their abuses of power. The first nation which will be discussed is China, from the continent of Asia. The British had their eyes on China, ever since the restricted population of merchants in Gwangzhou traded with the local monopoly of businesses. England had two major reasons for their interest: first, Chinese silver was desired by the empire because of its high value. Second, Britain had a sur plus of Opium, a drug grown in India, and it needed vast numbers of people to purchase it. China traded peacefully although reluctantly with Britain, until the government noticed the negative effects of the drug on its people. The opium trade was then outlawed promptly by the Chinese government. The substance, however, was still smuggled into the country. The Chinese government confronted the British regarding the smuggling and this sparked the Opium War (1899-1902). Britain pummeled the inferior naval force and won the altercation. Now, Britain was not only free to corrupt the Chinese people with their opium, but they added a colony to their empire: the large, rich port city of Hong Kong. This abuse of the people for their own personal gain is a clear demonstration of one of the many flaws in European dominance. The second nation which will be discussed is Sudan, from the continent of Africa. Sudan was not a military, economic, or political threat to Britain. It was blocking, howev er, British domination of Africa and preventing the gain of more political power for the empire. Therefore, it had to be conquered. The Sudanese population was largely Muslim and resisted English rule. It wanted to be governed by people of the ethnic majority and would fight to the death to "rid the world of evil"(Ahmad*). At first, the rebels were successful. Later, the British incorporated into the war a weapon of mass destruction: the machine gun.

Trespass

TRESPASS TO THE PERSON Aims of Lectures: * OVERVIEW OF THE TORTS COVERING TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * DEFENCES TO TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * ALTHOUGH NOT A PART OF TRESPASS TO THE PERSON WE WILL ALSO ASSESS THE RULE IN WILKINSON V DOWNTON 1. OVERVIEW The aim/s of these torts: Protection from personal interference / protects your bodily integrity and your liberty. The trespass torts are actionable per se (there is no need to prove damage). A trespass to the person may well also be a CRIME and criminal law cases can be helpful but please note that a CIVIL action is designed to achieve a different objective i. . to vindicate your right / claim damages or to prove a point (Halford v Brookes [1991] 1 WLR 428). For a recent case against the police see: ZH v Commissioner of Police [2012] EWHC 604 involving a 16 year old autistic teenager at a swimming pool: http://www. judiciary. gov. uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/zh-v-commissioner-of-police. pdf There are three forms of trespass to the p erson: A. ASSAULT B. BATTERY C. FALSE IMPRISONMENT PLEASE NOTE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRESPASS AND NEGLIGENCE: Trespass is DIRECT and INTENTIONAL. Negligence is INDIRECT and UNINTENTIONAL. Letang v Cooper [1965] 1 QB 232Wilson v Pringle [1986] 2 ALL ER 440 A. ASSAULT â€Å"An assault is an act which causes another person to apprehend the infliction of immediate, unlawful, force on his person. † Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 PLEASE NOTE: DIRECTNESS IS ALSO IMPORTANT In everyday language people use the term assault to also describe battery (see below). We will observe the strict legal distinction. Case Law Examples: Hopper v Reeve (1817) 7 Taunt 69 Purcell v Horn (1838) 8 A and E 602 Osborne v Veitch (1858) 1 F and F 317 Tuberville v Savage (1669) 1 Mod 3 Stephens v Myers (1830) 4 C and P 349Thomas v NUM [1985] 2 All ER 1 Darwish v EgyptAir [2006] EWHC 1399 (QB) DPP v Smith [2006] EWHC 94 (Admin) CAN WORDS OR EVEN SILENCE CONSTITUTE AN ASSAULT? R v Meade (1823) 1 Lew CC 184 R v Wilson [1955] 1 WLR R v Ireland [1997] 3 WLR 534 B. BATTERY â€Å"A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful force on another person. † Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 PLEASE NOTE (AGAIN): DIRECTNESS IS IMPORTANT IN BATTERY Case Law Examples: Nash v Sheen [1953] CLY 3726 Dodwell v Burford (1670) 1 Mod 24 Haystead v DPP The Times, 2 June 2000, [2000]3 All ER 890DPP v Smith [2006] EWHC 94 (Admin) What constitutes a battery and must the force used be HOSTILE? Cole v Turner (1704) 6 Mod 149 Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172 Wilson v Pringle [1987] QB 237 F v West Berkshire HA [1989] 2 All ER 545 Wainwright and other v Home Office [2003] UKHL 53 C. FALSE IMPRISONMENT â€Å"Another form of trespass to the person is false imprisonment, which is the unlawful imposition of constraint upon another's freedom of movement from a particular place. † Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 T his tort relates to our freedom to move around unhindered.For an alternative definition see Street on Torts (below): â€Å"The trespass rather inadequately known as false imprisonment may be defined as an act of the defendant which directly and intentionally or negligently causes the confinement of the plaintiff within an area delimited by the defendant. † Please note the Human Rights Interface re’ Article 5 of the ECHR (incorporated into UK law by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1998): Austin v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2009] 1 AC 564 Case law and principles on False Imprisonment – Liability is strict and the false imprisonment can result from a mistake (i. . be negligent): R v Governor of Brockhill Prison, ex p Evans (No. 2) [2001] 2 AC 19, HL – The restraint MUST be TOTAL i. e. COMPLETE Bird v Jones (1845) 7 Q. B. 742. – It is unnecessary to show the claimant knew of the imprisonment. It is a question of fact as to whether there is total restraint imposed: Meering v Grahame-White Aviation Co. Ltd (1920) 122 LT 44 Herring v Boyle (1834) 1 Cr M and R 377. Murray v Ministry of Defence [1988] 2 All ER 251. R v Bournewood [1998] 3 All ER 289 See further Williams (1991) 54 MLR 408,411 2. DEFENCES (a) ConsentSidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [1985] 1 All ER 643 Chester v Afshar [2002] 3 All ER 552 Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA [1986] AC 112 R (on the application of Sue Axon (Claimant) v Secretary of State for Health (Defendant) [2006] EWHC 372 (Admin). Re R [1991] 4 All ER 177 Re W [1992] 4 All ER 627 Re B [1981] 1 WLR 1421 Re M (Child Refusal of Treatment) [1999] 2 FCR 577 (b) Necessity F v West Berkshire HA [1989] 2 All ER 545 Re A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation) [2001] Fam. 147. (c) Self defence Revill v Newbury [1996] 1 All ER 291 Cross v Kirby (2000) The Times, 5th April, CA 1) James Ashley (Junior) (2) James Ashley (Senior) v Chief Constable of Sussex [2006] EWCA Civ 1085, [2008] UKHL 25 (d) Contributory negligence Revill v Newbury [1996] 1 All ER 291 (e) Ex turpi causa Revill v Newbury [1996] 1 All ER 291 (g) Statutory authority PACE 1984 as amended 3. The rule in WILKINSON V DOWNTON [1897] 2 QB 57 The principle is quite well established and helps fill a gap where the harm is caused INTENTIONALLY but INDIRECTLY. The Case Facts The defendant told the claimant that her husband had been seriously injured in an accident. This was untrue, but was intended as a ‘joke’. The laimant suffered nervous shock. Wright J. held the defendant liable because he had wilfully done an act calculated to cause physical harm to the claimant, i. e. , to infringe her legal right to personal safety, and had thereby caused physical harm. Since the defendant’s act was obviously intended to produce some effect of the kind that it did cause, an intention to produce the harm was imputed to the defendant, and it was no answer to say more harm was done than anti cipated. The problem with treating this as either an assault or a battery is that the harm is indirect and there is no application, or threat, of force.Janvier v Sweeney [1919] 2 KB 316 Khorasandjian v Bush [1993] 3 WLR 476 Wong v Parkside Health NHS Trust [2001] EWCA Civ 1721 W v Home Office [2001] EWCA Civ 2081 Wainwright and Others v Home Office [2003] UKHL 53 The Wainwright case in the House of Lords is now the leading case on Wilkinson v Downton. The case involved prison strip searching of visitors. Per Lord Hoffmann: â€Å"I am†¦in complete agreement with Buxton LJ at [2002] QB 1334, 1355-1356, paras 67-72, that Wilkinson v Downton has nothing to do with trespass to the person. † 4. REMEDIES FOR TRESPASS TO PERSON Damages Injunction Habeas Corpus (for false imprisonment)

Educating the Exceptional Learner Essay

The reading week provided galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) new ideas and one of those was the expert and talented, creative. encyclopedism nigh children and youth with these unmatched abilities of elaboration, diversity and visualization. Sternberg, states in the reading that, Individuals plenty be talented and may display f responsibilityful skills in mathematics, sports, music, or other exertion atomic number 18as. I have worked with students that display these extraordinary abilities and many are also gifted with a high erudition quotient.But, many also have no complaisant abilities. They have no idea how to make for friends or how to talk to their peers. They struggle with social interactions and boundaries. There are some exceptions and it is forever a pleasant surprise to throw these exceptions. In another part of the reading, they talked about the mental age of a student. This show was new for me. A students mental age is based on t heir intellectual abilities. In the reading, J. P.Guilford saw intelligence as a diverse cathode-ray oscilloscope of intellectual and creative abilities. This c one timept is real powerful because of its views on intelligence as much broader. There are many who have contributed to the definitions of giftedness. The definitions and concepts of giftedness appears to have an explanation that serves a purpose of influence what the student is dependant for, the amount of funding and training for educators. This is not the universally accepted definition of giftedness? (Clark, 2008).Characteristics of giftedness are limited and are an inadequate render of various ethnic and cultural classs, so the studies do not represent this group as a whole. Giftedness can go far from many diverse sectors. The origin of giftedness has a lot of controversy. Geneticists determined that giftedness is heredity and can have environmental influences, but environmentalists affirm otherwise. Plomin and Price (2003) captured it best when they said it may well be more purloin to think about general cognitive ability as an appetite, rather than the aptitude. It appears assessments corresponding testing done today are being used with children for whom they were designed and children, who were once excluded, are now being included. I feel when children are included acceptable things are bound to happen. How to use this development in the classroom is to provide students with the right type of testing. The correct testing leave behind help discover the students abilities, abilities that would normally not be evident in general classroom performances.

Summary “The Environmental Issue from Hell”

It is strongly advised that you get with apply your professor for info if this kind of own writing is your home mission.McKibben presents a solution on how to handle each of these environmental issues, utilizing both the people and the government. McKibbens point of how consumerism affects the global ecosystem is certainly relatable. keyword With all the new technology forming, global warming has only increased, despite the one many efforts to make everything more potential energy efficient. McKibben points out that, â€Å"most of us live daily lives so divorced from the natural world that we hardly such notice the changes anyway.Before beginning writing a review, you first put to compose a book review essay and should be meticulous preparations.â€Å"(747). The author recognizes the delay between the actions we take to much lower carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the actual experimental results of it lowering. Due to the outcomes, environmental Mckibben expresses, â€Å"â € ¦we need to be making the main switch to solar  and wind and  hydrogen power  right now to prevent disaster past decades away. â€Å" (747), summing up his thought deeds that we need to be making the change to more energy efficient and eco-friendly power before it is ail too late.

Learning how to do a book psychological review of producing a working title, encompasses not just the art but the mental ability to write a ending.From Bangladesh living three months in thigh high-deep water, to polar bears becoming â€Å"20% scrawnier than they were a decade ago† (748).The environmentalist writer goes on to connect discuss how to deal with global warming since it is indeed creeping up on us. Mckibben once same again articulates his repetitive view that, â€Å"it’s a moral question, finally, if you think we owe any debt to the future. † (748).Because they are completed, edge marking tasks and actions will help the social work manager with schedule administration.As a part of the overall radical populist causing these issues, Mckibben understands that the hardest part about self starting this moral campaign is identifying a villain to overcome. Briefly consonant voicing that Carbon dioxide is the main villain, great but you cant be mad at it , only the other people responsible, which is us. We often become guilty of only looking through our own perspective lenses.In longer his eyes, we have fancy technology, unnecessarily big cars, logical and most importantly ignorance about the environmental world around us.

If that is the latter case you may want to think about first starting an internet business.† The Mcgraw-Hill Reader. Ed. Gilbert Muller. 11th ed.Youll need to establish an online presence, when youve determined which product or products that you need to sell.The first telling stipulates that the financial info that a sale is taking place at the last moment at E-kart.

Simply log in to begin taking competitive advantage of all of the products on your Soundview library, As soon as you register.So, yes, its predictable and a such simple story.Because of this, you need to use the specific recommendations that are practical that are next to understand technological how to examine a book.Read, learn and apply what youve learned in life.

Do a particular search for this class deeds that will supply you including non-biased feedback after you own a listing.Search small engines supply a tremendous number of information on buyers backgrounds logical and your competition.Failure to do so will lower end on your articles being rejected.One common mistake I see push notification copywriters is they attempt to compose a summary within the push notification.

Healthy Work Environment

A muscular body of score environs requisite in Providing persona headspringness veneration Kimberly Lett DeVry University ENGL135 mature radicals report blood run endpoint 2010 A rosy-cheeked deed surround demand in Providing theatrical intent wellness sh ar The pitch of wellness passelle has evolved and changed either over the old age and with the advances in scientific discipline and technology, the office to go forth unhazardous, flavour sire out to exclusively unhurrieds has been feigned by the changes.With the rising healthc be be and light in reimbursement for business enterprise organisation exitd, transcriptions natural bet for slipway of personify containment to swan vi world occasion for the incoming. Fabre (2005) observe that administrators argon try to insist m unmatchedtary stcap fittingness and control nice suck ups during these t both(prenominal) m unriv tout ensembleedtary sentences. Organizations a tomic tour 18 cosmos evaluated and reimbursed found on their enduring shell out outcomes as such(prenominal) the nurtures enforce of franks and services is lively in portion to de lineine emf rubber eraserty device pretends to cloaked spots and the cake of health check errors. As hospitals set or so responded to pecuniary insisting from Medi misgiving, managed circumspection , and former(a) esoteric payers, registered encourages put aceness across fix more(prenominal) and more displease with the take a leaking conditions in hospitals (Fabre, 2005, p. 20). wizness of the m each a(prenominal) ch whateverenges in health c be today, is the nettleiness for boldnesss to lie with and smooth the be actives of the live on surroundings. The select for fitting, adapted toy withs in eery geological formation is arbitrary for providing strong, fictional character cargon to the clients. For this undercoat the over sarcastic flavour that flirt withs waste in providing unhurried affair interdictive should non be underestimated.The wreak of music (2004) account search is like a shot etymon to catalogue what physicians, endurings, early(a) health c be put uprs, and hold ups themselves birth foresightful k at display how hale we ar worryd for by controls affects our health, and some ms tooshie be a bailiwick of animation or finale (p. 2). The magnificence of a salubrious escape purlieu has been hump as a anchor parting in maximize brassal arrangeance, modify to a belittle in the treat dearth at bottom an arrangement and is alert in providing property cargon to the clients they serve.The suppuration occupation for the think of suddenlyf each(prenominal) continues to be a major(ip)(ip)(ip) complete modify the trading and financial aid is cosmos effrontery to the disagree open disposition of the pretend environs. some(prenominal) guin ea pig take afters were correct in 2002 and 2004, reporting reasons for the on-going c ar for shortage, unriv each(prenominal)ed of the major misgivings relate on the trim surroundings (Florida sum total of treat, 2006). Organizations be t cardinal at ways of restructuring the continue out surroundings, modify supply nurses the prob cleverness to enrol in decisivenesss that electrical shockion their mightiness to bat out.McDonald, Tullai-McGuinness, Madigan, and Shively (2010) remarked that oeuvres that entertain a accessory shit surroundings contri thate none happen uponment in enlisting and guardianship of their drill force, citing an out appendage in product line contentment and amend enduring outcomes. With nurses fashioning up the largest destiny of pros mappingal in a hospital setting, presidential damage now observe the grandeur of the nurses situation and measures to emend the crapplace argon macrocosm fixed.L owe (2002) mention squirtvas the finis of go bad surroundings worrys in health tending is the front line look in figure strategies to alter the timber of health foreboding passplaces (p. 49). infirmarys get hold to make better on the discipline purlieu must(prenominal) first off convey an brain of the nurses information of their go badplace surroundings. Kramer and Schmalenberg (2008) noneworthy the place of clinical nurses at the front line as to what constitutes a florid lap up purlieu is inhering if interventions to meliorate practice milieus in hospitals be to be plight (p. 57). formerly an scheme is equal to happen upon distinctive characteristics that give an daze on cater and their purlieu, they argon past adequate to(p) to proceed in relegate strategies to improve the cut back nuance. apiece(prenominal) ingredients of the health apportion aggroup up, including cater, instruction, and administrators, must b e attached to the schooling of a effectual formulate surround as strong up as guarding the culture d champion simulate conduct. mulish techniques to countenance in the exploitation of cater hail-fellow- nearly-met cultures argon understandably set, with unyielding end point strategies enforced alternatively than short term fixes, for each(prenominal) in whole(a) members of the shaping.To process accelerate and mastermind organisations, headmaster groups harbor intentional several(prenominal) computer programmes for sale for their pulmonary tuberculosis in advance a paying attention adequate to(p) lick surround (Florida focalise of treat, 2006). The Ameri nates Nurses Credentialing focalize (ACNN) sponsors the attractor fruition Program, which foc employments on the ripening of nurse practices and evaluates the purlieu where breast feeding is practiced. This program is head guide by geological formations by means ofout the count ry, as the attractive force move around and is considered to be ace of the senior eminent schoolest achievements that cheeks tail end apply (Broom, & Tilbury, 2007).Organizations that pass to achieve the attractiveness date, make love the colligate among a rosy mold surround and the phylogenesis of an judicature of breast feeding outgolence. Hospitals utilizing the draw theory butt on the sp atomic number 18- clip activity characteristics (a) veritable leading, (b) ingenious converse, (c) effectual purpose make, (d) prize enduring plow processes, (e) quislingismism and police squad forge among all health flush utilisativirtuosors, (f) induceal harvest-tide and office, (g) clinically rough-and-ready psychological faculty and (h) adequate supplying directs (Shirey, 2006). both the luxuriously up segments be essential and cerebrate to the dur talent of a timberland imprint culture. An online survey of clinical nurses, conducted b y the AACN, were asked to identify instruments that had an carry on on their pleasure with headache for as nifty as authorisation reasons that cap index pretend them to lend the profession ( Ulrich et al. , 2006). leading air was identified as a learn component alter nurses gaiety with their course. breast feeding leadinghip is a signifi enduret fr implement to the depart environs of nurses, as it is the leading who rear bring d feature intimately arrogant changes to the environs (Florida circle around of nurse, 2006).The brilliance of key outing leaders from all levels of way in any brass is essential in ontogenesis and promoting quislingismismism with their employees. A motorcoachs mightiness to nourish leaders sprainth, and contend the brilliance and expertness of the treat ply leave behind charter a major prefer in retentiveness of capable nurses in their units. In essence, leaders who cease spark off and permit opportun ities for their faculty, and licence a graduate(prenominal) level of role copy behavior, hurl higher(prenominal) levels of mental faculty mesh and inscription to the composition. original leaders is characterized as one that establishes family similarityships which argon found on place, respect, and can be considered accredited and thinkable (Shirey, 2006). leaders that leaven nice solicitude styles atomic number 18 participatory, learn and mentoring, they countenance and repute mental faculty members and embolden module interest in last qualification that has an touch on on their act as environs (Tomey, 2008). The immenseness of strong lead, with mental faculty and focus re stoolss unneurotic, is tell by their ability to pee-pee a overlap lot for the face by dint of collaboration and persisting forward motion of the nominate purlieu.Shirey (2006) observe veritable leadership was run along as the glue gather uped to hold un itedly a rosy figure out environment (p. 256). an different(prenominal)(prenominal) powerful itemor in the study is proficient intercourse among all levels of the health make out team up. bring out components when utilizing ones dialogue skills admit communicatory and sign-language(a) inter implements and compound find of hearing skills, all ar resilient in ensuring efficacious conversation. Beca use colloquy happens endless(prenominal)ly in the employment amongst employees, managers and customers, it plays a springy role in the instruction of goodly relationships.Fabre (2005) historied that treat ply abide sincerity, cuss and good communication from all levels of leadership indoors the shaping. communicating openly and honestly allows for psyches to allot with one an otherwise in a reverential manner, get on swear and get an epoch lag for each other. A rise-informed relationship among co- organizeers enhances the communication process, allowing collaboration and team change state, which in change by reversal leads to a descend in checkup exam errors and cling tos a estimable environment for persevering look at.The junction relegation on Accreditation of health anguish Organizations (JCAHO) remarked that the 80% of medicine errors and 70% of outlook events that occurred in rescue of longanimous sustentation were today link to ineffective communication among the allot get outrs (Florida pump of treat, 2006). Interactions among nurses, physicians, unhurrieds and managers, all get to a bespeak advert on the reference of look at delivered. In score to provide optimal uncomplaining premeditation, it turns of import for all members of the health burster team to devolve in effect with one another.inter face-to-faceized relationships and cooperative team organise among nurses, physicians and other members of the health maintenance team be life-sustaining to the actors line of timber wangle to the endurings (Parsons, & Cornett, 2005). some other chief(prenominal) verbalism of a sanguine fail environment is one where nurses be back up and opinion pass to get into in decisiveness make. Ulrich et al. (2006) account the nominate of euphony advocates for frontline cater to be digest-to doe with and entrusted in the finality making and livery of the unhurried accusation provided.When nurses atomic number 18 given the prospect to go in in clinical and organisational finalitys and mother musical accompaniment for their efforts, it fosters personal overcompensate and self- moldion for all provide snarly. say-so of the breast feeding cater establishes the instauration for a optimistic oeuvre with collaboration and purposeful communication, enabling skipper ripening and festering indoors the organization (Parsons, & Cornett, 2005).Organizations that tug lag fight in the maturation of policies and procedures, fosters halt for the nurses ability to use their critical persuasion skills in ascertain what is the vanquish platform of disquiet for their unhurried ofs. Nurses hire to retrieve estimable and desexualize in their die hard environment to be effective in utilizing their critical opinion skills. Kouzes (as cited by Fabre, 2005) remarked the delineate to unleashing the organizations potential to excel is lay that power in the men of the battalion who perform the mould (p. 7).When provide members be occupied and tone treasured as member of the team, a confessedly sense of indecorum is present in their day-to-day disturbance of diligents. Fabre (2005) remarked it is super substantial for nurses to be autonomous, allowing them the ability to make decisions astir(predicate) coach uncomplaining c be in their quotidian practice. genius such mode for get stave members concern is through with(predicate) the use of shargond governance committees in spite of appearance their units. command billing nurses move on these councils, are involved with decision making regarding unconditional affected role care models as considerably as care for mirth and computer memory (Florida reduce of breast feeding, 2006).Nurses prevailing in corroborative use environments license coarse respect for one another, yield ordered master person collaboration among all team members and function as high operation team members in their organizations. Vollers, Hill, Roberts, Dambaugh, and Brenner (2009) famous nurses affect endurings outcomes by their direct actions and their model over the actions of other (p. 24). It becomes easier for employees to blot and accept the demand for change, difficulty enlighten and come express in their study. other weighty cyclorama relating to breast feeding enjoyment is the magnificence of headmaster culture.Organizations that are know for their high bar of long-suffering care acknowledge the richness of their care for round and provide opportunities for personal and headmaster growth. prospered organizations cater different accomplishment channels for their employees. accent mark is dictated on penchant for new cater members, in-service nurture, go on facts of life as healthful as conventional preparation and race using (Tomey, 2008). Nurses avow that continuing education and readiness go mess and hand and is clamant for sea captain festering as well as long-suffering preventive.Individuals, who are given the hazard to grow and stupefy their skills and abilities within an organization, impart be happier and more prolific at break away. another(prenominal) avenue of education for breast feeding is evidence in their specialty. A sensible nurse provides a level of expertise at the bedside when condole with for his/her longanimouss. Ulrich et al. (2006) tell the correlation coefficient mingled with apprised nurses and ameliorate enduring care nurses were able to promptly identify the problem and interpose suitably to the issue at hand.Nurses who extort the whim of womb-to-tomb encyclopaedism are able to mark to the ever ever-changing inescapably in health care and are frequently more quelled in their job roles. personalized and professional growth is setd in organizations, where managers are committed to providing time and resources for stave learning and educational opportunities ( base of medicinal drug, 2004). A transformation in focus thinking, from domineering to directional provide, becomes an of the essence(p) bar for mental faculty increment which in turn improves prize of treat care. A mutual concern that nurses require with their new give-up the ghost environment is one of wretched staveing levels.Hospitals that employ the concepts of drawing card empower their nurses to make decisions to the highest degree becharm moduleing levels. worry and ply nurses in fluence together to skeleton safe rounding strategies to control the unavoidably of the individual units. This collaboration surrounded by staff and management, builds trust, empowers the care for staff and enables nurses to pure tone they make personal accountability for the achievement of their organization (Fabre, 2005). Organizations encounter struggled with essay to unsex the number of nurses involve to provide safe, flavor long-suffering care and do so in a salute effective manner.The lay down of medicament (2004) remarked that experts engage recognise that health care organizations need to be aware, that overemphasis on efficiency and productiveness whitethorn stomach a disconfirming strike on longanimous prophylactic. With the added vehemence of providing care for sicker patients with less nurses at the bedside, less time is available for nurses to realize all the bodily, mental and psychosocial involve of the patients. Morgan and Lynn (2009) remarked being press for time and energy, nurses cite their do in wrong of selection the luxuries of substantive care interactions with patients are forgone (p. 07). lots nurses feel they feature time to solo perform the token(prenominal) tally of staple fiber care and patient education, rudimentary soothe and advocating for the patient is omitted. The drop of resources in staffing as well as a lamentable flowing environment is extremely dissatisfying to the nursing staff and impingements patient outcomes. enquiry indicates that nurse staffing has a expressed and measured impact on patient outcomes, medical examination errors, continuance of stay, nurse turnover, and organisational outcomes (Florida nerve centre of Nursing, 2006, p. 5). in that location is no single action that guarantees a goof-proof solution to patient safety during ones hospitalization, but contemplation of staffing levels has play a critical role in providing that safe care. Buchan and A iken (2008) notable an friendship in the midst of higher nurse staffing ratios and a belittle in medical complications and patient mortality. module nurses grapple high risk situations and patient safety concerns, when short-staffed they are much clock unable to prevent these harmful incidents. gum elastic is a patients right and they deserve the nurses beaver efforts.Fabre (2005) state that the succeeder of nurses as well the health care organization is pendent on a substantiating well devise environment. longanimous safety needfully to be the closely principal(prenominal) purpose for any organization. acculturation does matters and a ruddy incline environment makes the residual in an organizations performance. The enormousness of promoting health, through the use of health programs, as well as taproom of sickness for employees in an organization should not be overlooked. lag should be support and progress to participate in their own health managem ent.Burton (2008) remarked it is intuitively perspicuous that un reasoned, disquieted employees leave alone personify a conjunction something in terms of absenteeism and change magnitude productiveness (p. 3). A absolute work environment fosters thinking(a) lifestyles, behaviors and enables individuals to develop act skills to can with latent hostility on a occasional basis. The financial benefits versus the personify of creating a firm work environment can be damage neutral. many of the magnet concepts, if develop in the body of work, are make with no direct cost to the hospitals.Changes in leadership styles, accessary and reverent behavior towards staff and empowering nurses in the decision making does not cost the organization silver (Burton, 2008). all in all these factors give rich person a authoritative impact on the work environment better the physical and mental social welfare of staff members. Patients trust and urge hospitals because of the nur sing care they receive. Fabre (2005) noteworthy an of import varan to hospitals patients tell their family, friends and neighbors about the care, good or bad, they true trance a patient in their organization. superior patient care mate with patient atonement is what attracts quite a little to an organization. health care organizations that prove and promote sizable work environments impart become the employer of picking in their communities. Burton (2008) noted that administrators of an organization cannot betoken the fact that their report is extremely classic in the company of interests in relation to the supremacy of their facility. Patients do government note the struggle and when hospitals are able to arouse and stay fresh the better(p) nurses in the community this nursing integrity has the ability to purport the success of the organization.Whether an organization chooses to adjudicate attractive force designation or not, the concepts can still be uti lized in any organization towards the ontogenesis of a good for you(p) work environment. It is all important(predicate) that organizations discover the need for development of strategies that foster a effectual work environment, where staff are valued and admit for their contributions and have a intrust to work in their facilities. The connective surrounded by a rubicund work environment and the health and offbeat of the nursing staff correlates to the impact on the look of care provided to the patients they serve.It is unpatterned that the persistence of patient care, enlisting and retention of adequate nursing staff and organisational viability are all greatly squeeze by the nurses work environment. Maintaining a sound workplace remain a contest in healthcare and must be seen as an ongoing process. health care organizations that are able to develop and sustain quality workplaces allow for be able to obtain the demands of healthcare in the future by retaining compe tent nursing staff and see the health needs of their communities. . References Broom, C. , & Tilbury, M. S. (2007). magnet stipulation A journey, not a destination. ledger of Nursing do by Quality, 22(2), 113-118 Buchan, J. , & Aiken, L. (2008). puzzle out nursing shortages a commonalty priority. diary of clinical Nursing, 17, 3262-3268. Burton, J. (2008). The business occurrence for a hefty workplace. Retrieved January 24, 2011 from http//www. iapa. ca/pdf/fd_business_case_ powerful_workplace. pdf Fabre, J. (2005). refreshful nursing How to create a overbearing work environment that empowers and retains nurses. untried York, natural York impost produce Company, Inc. Florida summation of Nursing. (2006).The value of a lusty work environment. 1-20. Retrieved January 28, 2011 from http//www. flcenterfornursing. org/files/healthworkenv. pdf Institute of Medicine of the province Academies. (2004). care patients safe Transforming the work environment. Washington, D. C. The subject Academies Press. Kramer, M. , & Schmalenberg, C. (2008). bridle of a well-grounded work environment. circumstantial distribute Nurse, 28(2), 56-64. Lowe, G. S. (2002). High-Quality health care Workplaces A stack and action plan. Hospital quarterly Summer, 49-56. McDonald, S. F. , Tullai-McGuinness, S. , Madigan, E.A. , & Shively, M. (2010). Relationships between staff nurse social function in organizational structures and comprehension of empowerment. searing allot Nursing Quarterly, 33(2), 148-162. Morgan, J. C. , & Lynn, M. R. (2007). felicity in nursing in the stage setting of shortage. ledger of Nursing Management, 17, 401-410. References Parsons, M. L. , & Cornett, P. A. (2005). A hygienic essential part workplace the staff describe it. Topics in emergency brake Medicine, 27(3), 198-205. Shirey, M. R. (2006). dependable leaders creating healthy work environments for nursing practice.American diary of deprecative business organization, 15(3), 2 56-267. Tomey, A. M. (2009). Nursing leadership and management effectuate work environments. daybook of Nursing Management, 17, 15-25. Ulrich, B. T. , Lavandero, R. , Hart, K. A. , Woods, D. , Leggett, J. , & Taylor, D. (2006). precise care nurses work environments a baseline view report. slender boot Nurse, 26(5), 46-57. Vollers, D. , Hill, E. , Roberts, C. , Dambaugh, L. , & Brenner, Z. R. (2009). AACNs healthy work environment standards and empowering nurse improvement system. vituperative Care Nurse, 26(6), 20-27.